Bioacoustics of Cardiodactylus erniae

Description. Average size for the species group. General coloration contrasted ( Fig. 20A–D ), yellow brown laterally and dark brown to black dorsally. Head dorsum yellow brown with 4 dark brown bands, 2 wide lateral ones with an anterior notch fused to fastigium black coloration, 2 median bands punctuated; area posterior to eyes yellow brown with 2 short dark brown lines ( Fig. 5E ). Scapes yellow brown with dark patterns on front side; antennae dark brown with yellowish rings; pedicel yellow brown with a dark brown spot on front side. Front part of fastigium yellow, sometimes with a pair of dark brown spots. Face and lateral side of head gray brown to orange brown, with a transverse yellow band ventral to eyes. Mouthparts and maxillary palpi mostly yellow brown with faint dark brown patterns. Pronotum: Dorsal disk lateral margins yellow brown to whitish; anterior area with dark brown symmetrical patterns; posterior area dark brown to black. Lateral lobes dark brown, ventral margins yellow brown. Legs I–II yellow brown to orange brown, femora with faint brown spots, tibiae with rings. Legs III yellow brown to orange brown including knees. Tarsomeres I–III(1–2) yellow brown, their apex dark brown. Hind wing tail dark brown, ca. 1.5 longer than pronotum. Cerci yellow brown, with dark brown spots basally then with dark brown rings. Abdomen mostly dark brown to black; dorsum with discontinuous longitudinal yellow lines. Male: FW coloration mostly dark brown. Anterior region and external part of e1 cell black. Sclerotized area near base of chords orange brown. All veins anterior to mirror whitish, except diagonal, brown; anterior half of CuA whitish. Light area posterior to mirror almost not visible, with only lighter brown transverse veins; veins posterior to mirror brown. M/R area dark brown to orange brown, R/Sc area dark brown. Sc orange brown, posterior part yellow; projections of Sc and ventral veins of lateral field yellow, cells between them dark brown. FW venation ( Fig. 9C ): 1A slightly bisinuated; CuP missing but claval fold present in harp. Stridulatory file with ca. 200 teeth on the transverse and longitudinal parts of 1A, without discontinuity at the level of the angle, and ca. 20 more teeth on a bump near 1A base (see Table 3 , n = 3). Harp with 2 w-shaped veins. Mirror area: mirror (d1) longer than wide, separated near mid-length by a transverse vein, the posterior part shorter, triangular and variably subdivided by accessory veins; d2 and next cells in D alignment wide until FW apex; E alignment widened posteriorly. Apical field with 3–4 cell alignments posterior to mirror (n = 4). Lateral field with 6–8 (m = 7.2, n = 5) projections of Sc and 4–5 (m = 4.2, n = 5) ventral veins. Subgenital plate yellow brown. Male genitalia ( Fig. 20E–G ): Pseudepiphallic dorsal ridges parallel or slightly divergent posteriorly, carinated with inner posterior expansions. Pseudepiphallic sclerite with short flat and wide latero-anterior expansions, membrane between them with few setae. Posterior pseudepiphallic apex slightly curved toward left ventrally (n = 2), rounded, with a small rounded translucent area. Rami parallel, with large preapical plates. Ectophallic arc complete, curved. Bases of ectophallic apodemes with a posterior membranous lobe and a long anterior sclerotization. Ectophallic fold with weak lateral sclerites; apex trilobate, membranous, median lobe long and oval. Endophallic sclerite longer than wide, well sclerotized, with short posterior arms and a triangular posterior expansion. Endophallic apodeme with small lateral lamellas and a strong medio-dorsal crest. Membrane of endophallic cavity finely plicate. Female: FW coloration dark brown to black with brown veins, except bases of anal veins yellow brown. Anterior half of CuA, M and related accessory veins yellow. R/Sc area and veins dark brown. Sc projections and more ventral veins yellow brown, the cells between them dark brown. FW venation ( Fig. 11B ): 10–11 (m = 10.2, n = 4) strong longitudinal veins on dorsal field; lateral field with 9–12 (m = 10.6, n = 5) longitudinal veins including 6–8 Sc projections and 3–5 ventral veins. Ovipositor of average length, shorter than FIII, apex with both dorsal and ventral edges denticulate ( Fig. 13C ). Female genitalia ( Fig. 14C ): Copulatory papilla trapezoidal with baso-lateral sclerites; apex rounded and sclerotized, folded ventrally. Juvenile: Light brown to yellow brown, mottled with dark brown. Measurements. See Table 3 . Habitat and life history traits. Unknown. Behavior. Unknown.