Account
What the sources say about this taxon, as written.
diagnosis · 
Plazi
Diagnosis: Small to large-sized, body generally fusiform, intensely covered by bristles, with developed FWs, sometimes with stridulatory apparatus not developed. TIII with five or more outer and inner subapical spurs. Apex of dorsal valves of ovipositor serrulate laterally and ventrally, covering ventral valves laterally and sometimes ventrally ( Fig. 9B, C ). Male genitalia: apex of ectophallic fold bilobate; posterior projection of endophallus double (U-shaped) ( Fig. 9A ) when present; EndAp generally flattened laterally.
description · Plazi
Oecanthiens Saussure, 1874: 427, Saussure, 1878: 534 . Oecanthinae Saussure, 1897: 251 , Scudder, 1987: 62, Azam, 1901: 104, Kirby, 1906: 109, Zeuner, 1939: 212, Walker, 1966: 265, Otte & Alexander, 1983: 374 , Gorochov 1986: 851–858, Toms & Otte, 1988: 471, Nickle, 1992: 195, Otte, 1994: 85 , Rentz, 1996: 147, Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009: 491 , Gorochov, 2015: 31–34 , Collins & Carson, 2014: 170, Chintauan-Marquier et al. , 2016: 73 , Rentz & Su, 2019: 231. Type genus: Oecanthus Serville, 1831 . Distribution: Worldwide. Diagnosis: Generally found in trees or bushes. Almost all representatives with well-developed FWs and stridulatory apparatus (except in Paraphasius Chopard, 1927 , Leptogryllus Perkins, 1899 and Thaumatogryllus Perkins, 1899 ); lateral field not perpendicular to dorsal field, forming less than 90° angle (easily observable in posterior view) Supporting Information, ( Fig. S2J2 ). TIII iav spur significantly reduced (Supporting Information, Fig. S6E ). Dorsal valves of ovipositor bifurcate (Supporting Information, Figs S4 Ja, S5C, D), covering ventral valves laterally. Male genitalia: pseudepiphallic sclerite wider than long; LLophi bilobate. Included supertribes: Oecanthidi Blanchard, 1845 supertrib.nov. , Diatrypidi Desutter, 1988 supertrib. nov. ,
diagnosis · Plazi
Diagnosis: Small to large-sized, FWs generally developed, stridulatory apparatus, present or absent. Lateral and median ocelli almost aligned ( Fig. 11A ); fifth article of maxillary palpus upcurved almost 90°, sensilla region apical ( Fig. 11B ); pronotum caudal margin convex on the middle. When stridulatory apparatus present: stridulatory file generally sinuous, with stridulatory file on the midlength; bearing one or two transversals harp veins, almost parallel to stridulatory file ( Figs 14B , 15B ). Female subgenital plate concave or with a median invagination. Male genitalia: EctF apex bilobate; endophallus U-shaped.
key · Plazi
14. FWs not bearing stridulatory apparatus, sometimes with PCu vein curved and stridulatory teeth ventrally, TI tympana generally absent (present in some species of Tafalisca ) .......................................................... 15 - FWs bearing stridulatory apparatus, at least one tympanum present on TI.............................................. 17 15. Median ocellus absent, metanotum with projections; TI and TII without proximal protuberance; PCu vein without stridulatory teeth. Male genitalia: LLophi present, MedLophi absent.......................................... 16 - Median ocellus present, metanotum generally without projections, sometimes with two median projections; TI and TII with proximal protuberance (Supporting Information, Fig. S5N ); PCu vein generally curved and sometimes with stridulatory teeth ventrally. Male genitalia: LLophi and MedLophi present (Supporting Information, Fig. S7A, B )..................................................................................................................... Tafalisca 16. Male metanotum without a central fossa. Male genitalia: PsP well developed, almost same size of LLophi; rami curved inwards................................................................................................................. EubezƲerkhoƲia - Male metanotum with a central fossa. Male genitalia: PsP short, notably shorter than LLophi; rami straight ................................................................................................................................................ Mexitrypa 17. Pronotum with a median inverted band y-shaped dark brown or black ( Fig. 20A ); male metanotum without projections; TIII subapical spurs 4/3; FIII longer than TIII (Supporting Information, Fig. S6A ) .. Perutrella - Pronotum without a median inverted band y-shaped; male metanotum with projections; TIII subapical spurs 5/4; FIII same size as TIII or slightly longer........................................................................................18 18. Male FWs covering the entire abdomen, stridulatory file not surrounded by strong sclerotization, apical field developed; TI with auditory tympanum on both faces; LLophi well developed, endophallic apodeme not bifid. Female apex of ovipositor without protuberances in dorsal and ventral valves ...... Amblyrhethus - Male FWs not covering the entire abdomen, stridulatory file surrounded by strong sclerotization (Supporting Information, Fig. S3D ), apical field not developed; TI with auditory tympanum on outer face, inner face absent; MLophi well developed, endophallic apodeme bifid (Supporting Information, Fig. S8M ). Female apex of ovipositor with two protuberances in dorsal and ventral valves ( Fig. 20B ) ...... Veredatrypa 19. PCu vein with a sinuosity close to lateral field ( Fig. 20C ). Male genitalia: PsP well developed; rami slightly longer or same-sized then pseudepiphallic sclerite; ectophallic invagination not reduced .........................20 - PCu vein bisinuous ( Fig. 17B ). Male genitalia: PsP regressed or absent; rami two times or longer than pseudepiphallic sclerite; ectophallic invagination generally regressed ( Fig. 17C ; Supporting Information, Fig. S7B ) (except Prodiatrypa ) ........................................................................................................................21 20. Pronotum as long as wide; TI outer tympanum absent; HWs shorter than FWs; apical field absent; supraanal plate of the male with a median projection ( Fig. 20D ); apex of ovipositor rounded; TIII subapical spurs 5/4. Male genitalia: apex of LLophi bifid ( Fig. 20E ) ................................................................ Adenophallusia - Pronotum longer than wide; TI both tympana present; HWs longer than FWs; apical field present; supraanal plate of the male without median projection; apex of ovipositor triangular ( Fig. 20F ); TIII subapical spurs 3/3, close to distal margin of TIII (some species 5/4). Male genitalia: apex o LLophi single. Ectotrypa 21. Median ocellus reduced, smaller than lateral ocelli; HWs shorter or same size of FWs; apical field shorter than mirror ( Fig. 20G ). Male genitalia: PsP absent.......................................................................................22 - Median ocellus not reduced or absent; HWs longer than FWs; apical field longer or same-sized than mirror ( Fig. 17B ). Male genitalia: PsP present, regressed.........................................................................................23 22. TI inner and outer tympana both present. Male genitalia: LLophi not finger-shaped, distal to pseudepiphallic sclerite ( Fig. 20H )............................................................................................................................ SelƲagryllus - TI inner tympanum reduced or absent, outer tympanum present. Male genitalia: LLophi finger-shaped located at the base of pseudepiphallic sclerite ( Fig. 20I ) ................................................................. Siccotrella 23. TI inner tympanum not elongated. Male genitalia: LLophi absent; ectophallic invagination and endophallic sclerite well developed..................................................................................................................... Prodiatrypa - TI inner tympanum elongated (Supporting Information, Fig. S5I ). Male genitalia: LLophi generally present; ectophallic invagination and endophallic sclerite strongly regressed ( Fig. 17C ; Supporting Information, Fig. S8B ) ...........................................................................................................................................................24 24. Median ocellus absent; pronotum longer than wide ( Fig. 17A ); TI inflated, inner tympanum covered by a sclerotized tab (Supporting Information, Fig. S5I ); TIII subapical spurs 4/4. Male genitalia: LLophi absent, when present directed posteriorly (except A. mataraku )............................................................. Angustitrella - Median ocellus present; pronotum wider than long or as long as wide; TI not inflated, inner tympanum not covered by a sclerotized tab; TIII subapical spurs 5/4 or 5/5. Male genitalia: LLophi generally present, directed anteriorly ( Fig. 17C ) ....................................................................................................... Paroecanthus 25. Ocelli generally present; FWs absent or brachypterous; when FWs present generally without longitudinal veins, sometimes with maximum six longitudinal veins not reticulated .....................................................26 - Ocelli generally absent; FWs present, covering the abdomen entirely or almost entirely, with more than six longitudinal veins reticulated .........................................................................................................................28 26. FWs absent (Supporting Information, Fig. S2A ); posterior margin of pronotum covering metanotum .......................................................................................................................................................... Apterotrypa - FWs present; posterior margin of pronotum not covering metanotum.........................................................27 27. FWs wider than long, covering only metanotum (Supporting Information, Fig. S2B ). Male genitalia: LLophi inner margin membranous ( Fig. 18C ) .......................................................................................... Neometrypus - FWs longer than wide, covering the two first abdominal tergites ( Fig. 18B ). Male genitalia: LLophi completely sclerotized............................................................................................................... Cylindrogryllus 28. Body cylindrical ( Fig. 18A ); fastigium without tubercle; first abdominal tergite with projections (Supporting Information, Fig. S4E ) ....................................................................................................................... Brazitrypa - Body flattened dorso-ventrally; fastigium with a tubercle apically ( Fig. 20J ); first abdominal tergite without projections .................................................................................................................................... Dicerorostrum
diagnosis · Plazi
Diagnosis: Mainly found in shrubs and tall grasses, from small to medium size. Top of fastigium truncated in frontal and lateral views ( Fig. 5B ; Supporting Information, Fig. S1G ). TIII with six or more inner subapical spurs; claws inner margin serrulate ( Fig. 5C ; Supporting Information, Fig. S6 Gb), more or less as in Trigonidiinae (Trigonidiidae) . FWs present or absent, when present generally without stridulatory apparatus. Ovipositor generally downcurved in lateral view; apex of dorsal valves above ventral apex of ventral valves; apex not enlarged; lateral margins of apex smooth ( Fig. 5D ).
description · Plazi
genus Asonicogryllus He gen. nov. Type species: Asonicogryllus kwanghua Including species: type species only External structure of body typical for Gryllinae ( Fig. 1 AB). Fore tibia without tympanum and forewings very short without stridulatory. Male genitalia: epiphallus flat and wide, anterior margin concave in middle, posterior epiphallic lobes elongate and apically little curved upwards; mesal posterior epiphallus protruding but little, concave in middle, ectoparameron smaller than posterior epiphallic lobe ( Fig. 1 CDE). These characters are similar to those in species of Velarifictorus , Mitius or Comidoblemmus , but the later examples are all sound-producing species.
key · Plazi
1. FWs absent or short, covering the metanotum, and sometimes reaching the second abdominal tergite .......... .................................................................................................................. Cylindrogryllus Saussure, 1878 (2) — FWs developed, covering the entire abdomen or reaching the last abdominal tergites .................................. 3 2. FWs longer than wide, covering the two first abdominal tergites; LLophi completely sclerotized .................... .............................................................................................. Cylindrogryllus ( Cylindrogryllus ) Saussure, 1878 — FWs wider than long, covering only metanotum; LLophi inner margin membranous .................................... ................................................................................................. Cylindrogryllus ( Neometrypus ) Desutter, 1988 3. Male FWs with longitudinal veins, without a stridulum, or sometimes with a vestigial stridulatory file ....... 4 — Male FWs with a developed stridulum, including a well-developed stridulatory file ..................................... 5 4. Ocelli present, well developed; PCu vein curved inwards, sometimes with teeth on ventral side; metanotum without projections, or with two lateral projections; male genitalia with MLophi and LLophi. Female apex of ovipositor truncated or slightly acuminated ................................................................. Tafalisca Walker, 1869 — Ocelli generally absent, reduced when present; PCu not curved, without teeth on ventral side; metanotum with median region elevated; male genitalia only with LLophi. Female apex of ovipositor pointed ......................... ............................................................................................................................. Brazitrypa Gorochov, 2011 5. Male FWs covering the entire abdomen, stridulatory file not surrounded by strong sclerotization, apical field developed; TI with auditory tympanum on both faces; LLophi well developed, endophallic apodeme not bifid. Female apex of ovipositor without protuberances in dorsal and ventral sides .......... Amblyrhethus Kirby, 1906 — Male FWs not covering the entire abdomen, stridulatory file surrounded by a strong sclerotization, apical field not developed; TI with auditory tympanum on outer face only; MLophi well developed, endophallic apodeme bifid. Female apex of ovipositor with two protuberances in dorsal and ventral sides ........................................ ............................................................................................................................ Veredatrypa Campos n. gen.
key · Plazi
1a. male fore wings without stridulatory file; subgenital plate elongate............................................. 2 1b. male fore wings with stridulatory file; subgenital plate short (does not apply to Brasilodontus apterus )................. 3 2a. median ocellus large; fore wings without a gland; female fore wings very small, scale-shaped... Odontogryllus Sassure, 1877 2b. median ocellus small; fore wings with a gland, strongly modified; female fore wings absent........... Xulavuna , n. gen. 3a. fore wings without harp veins; pseudepiphallus short, main lobes of pseudepiphallus slightly invaginated posteriorly...... 4 3b. fore wings with harp veins; pseudepiphallus long, main lobes of pseudepiphallus deeply invaginated................................................................................................ Brasilodontus de Mello, 1992 4a. hind wings present; metanotal gland present; dorsum abdominal sclerite I not modified, without a complex glandular structure; posterior margin of pseudepiphallus concave; ectophallic apodeme very small.................. Valchica de Mello, 1992 4b. hind wings absent; metanotal gland absent; dorsum abdominal sclerite I strongly modified, almost completely fused and con- cealing sclerite II, also bearing a complex glandular structure (fig. 14E–G); pseudepiphallus bilobate at the apex; ectophallic apodeme long.......................................................................... Yarrubura , n. gen.
xeno-canto
iNaturalist