Bioacoustics of Urupelma ashaninka

Distribution Known only from the type locality ( Figure 76 ). MALE (MUSM-ENT 0511137): ( Figures 34 , 35 ) Total length: 18.48, carapace domed, length 9.37, width 7.48, chelicerae with 12 teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 33C ) AME 0.35 (circular), ALE 0.44 (oval), PME 0.29 (drop-like), PLE 0.36 (oval), AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.09, PME-PME 0.61, PME-PLE 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.10, AME-PME 0.07, OQ length 0.73, width 1.51. Ocular tubercle length 1.17, width 1.51, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, procurved, width 1.83, 5.90 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.12, width 1.60, anterior third with 37 cuspules, maxillae with 149–153 cuspules in basal half, apical half without short spiniform setae. Sternum length 4.47, width 3.63, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.31, 0.39 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.23, 0.20 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.16, 0.20 from edge of sternum). Cuspules on labiosternal suture joined. Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. Incrassate leg segments: slightly incrassate femur III. Maxillary and trochanteral stridulatory bristles absent. Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 4.5 2.7 4.1 – 1.8 13.1 Leg I 7.4 4.2 6.2 5.2 4.1 27.1 Leg II 6.5 3.6 4.8 4.9 4.0 23.8 Leg III 5.4 3.0 4.1 5.6 3.8 21.9 Leg IV 7.7 3.6 6.4 8.7 4.6 31.0 Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 4.6 3.1 3.1 – 3.6 14.4 Leg I 6.1 4.2 4.6 3.4 3.1 21.4 Leg II 6.2 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.0 19.8 Leg III 4.6 3.0 3.2 4.1 3.0 17.9 Leg IV 6.3 3.4 4.9 6.4 3.6 24.6 Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 60%, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 30%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I and II undivided, tarsal scopulae III divided by a narrow longitudinal band of setae, tarsal scopulae IV divided by a wide longitudinal band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on left leg (prolateral/retrolateral row): I 3/3, II 2/3, III 4/3, IV 3/2. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent. Spination: femora I p 0-1-3, II p 0-1-2, III p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1, IV p 0-1-2, r 0-1-2 and femora of palps p 0-0-1; patellae I 0, II v 0-0-1 (apical), III p 0-0-1, IV 0 and patellae of palps p 0-0-1; tibiae I v 3-2-2, p 0-1-1, II v 3-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, III v 3-2-3 (apical), p 1-2-1, r 1-0-1, IV v 4-3- 5, p 1-0-1, r 1-2-1 and tibiae of palps p 1-0-3; metatarsi I v 1-(0–1)-(1–2), II v 2-2-2 (apical), p 0-1-1, III v 2-2-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-3, r 0-1-1, IV v 2-2-2-3 (apical), p 1-2-1, r 1-1-1-1, tarsi I–IV and tarsi of palps 0. Palpal organ as in Figure 35 , embolus short and stout with three keels, subtriangular PI, transparent A and oval R keel. PS keel is absent. Retrolateral lobe of cymbium, distinctly larger then prolateral cymbial lobe, is covered with short spiniform setae. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with low subapical protuberance covered with spiniform setae ( Figure 33E ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figure 34 ): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with short and stout subapical spine, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with stout, subapical retrolateral spine. Both apophyses are basally fused. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. When flexed, metatarsus I contacts the retrolateral side of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Abdomen: ( Figure 33F ) urticating setae of type III and IV are located in oval central patch. Size of the patch: length 4.07, width 3.16. PLS: length 2.85, basal segment 1.20, middle segment 0.66, apical segment 0.99, all digitiform. PMS: 0.69. Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: carapace brown covered with pale pubescence, coxae, trochantera brown, femora dark brown, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two equal longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes without covering setae. Abdomen dark brown, except for the central patch which is darker. Ventral view: labium, sternum, maxillae, coxae yellowish brown, legs brown, ventral abdomen light brown. Spinnerets light brown. FEMALE (MUSM-ENT 0511139): ( Figure 37 ) Total length: 24.2, carapace length 9.7, width 7.5, chelicerae with 13–14 teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 37E ) AME 0.346 (circular), ALE 0.45 (oval), PME 0.31 (oval), PLE 0.37 (oval), AME-AME 0.13, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.69, PME-PLE 0.08, ALE-PLE 0.14, AME-PME 0.10, OQ length 0.84, width 1.57. Ocular tubercle: length 1.25, width 1.57, clypeus narrow, length 0.05. Fovea transverse, procurved, width 1.32, 6.6 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.32, width 1.78, anterior third with 57 cuspules, maxillae with 174–192 cuspules in basal half, apical half without short spiniform setae. Sternum length 4.48, width 3.92, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.43, 0.39 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.23, 0.23 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.16, 0.26 from edge of sternum). Cuspules on labio-sternal suture joined. Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. All leg segments uniform. Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 60%, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 30%, metatarsi IV 15% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I undivided, tarsal scopulae II divided by a narrow longitudinal band of setae, in tarsi III and IV divided by a wide band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on right leg (prolateral/retrolateral row): I 3/4, II 4/4, III 3/3, IV 4/3. Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent. Spination:femora I d 0-0-2, II d 0-0-1, III d 0-0-1, IV 0 and femora of palps d 0-0-1, patellae I 0, II 0, III p 0-0-1, IV 0 and patellae of palps 0, tibiae I v 0-1-1 (apical), II v 0-1-2 (apical), p 0-0-1, III v 0-2-3 (apical), p 1-0-1, r 1-0-1, IV v 0-1-2 (apical), p 0-2-2, r 1-0-1 and tibiae of palps v 0-1-3 (apical), metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-1-1 (apical), p 0-0-1, III v 3-2-2 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-1, IV v 1-3-3 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-1, tarsi I–IV and tarsi of palps 0. Spermathecae: ( Figure 38 ) fused seminal receptacles, terminating with two oval lobes, dorsally concave. Abdomen: urticating setae of type IV are located in oval central patch. PLS: length 3.72, basal segment 1.69, middle segment 0.94, apical segment 1.09, all digitiform. PMS: 0.87. Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: ( Figure 36 ) carapace reddish brown, coxae and trochantera with pale pubescence, chelicerae brown, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown, intermixed with long, pale setae. Patellae I, II, palpal patella and tibiae with two equal parallel longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Palpal femur prolaterally bare. Abdomen ( Figure 36 ) covered with short dark brown setae, intermixed with long, pale setae, except for the oval central patch which is dark brown. Length of the central patch: 5.7, width 4.2. Ventral view: labium, maxillae, coxae, sternum and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi brown. Abdomen ventrally light yellowish brown, without dark longitudinal band. Spinnerets light yellowish brown. Variability The variability in the shape of spermathecae and bulbs is shown in Figures 35 and 38 .