Bioacoustics of Montana dani

Description of holotype male ( Fig. 7 ): Medium-sized (Body length 18.8 mm ). General coloration ochre-brown, lower side of body and legs ochre; frons and genae ochre marbled with brown; dorsal site of fastigium, vertex and pronotum disc densely dotted with dark brown spots on a light brown background, with a light, thin longitudinal line in the middle; lateral sides of vertex and pronotal disk bordered with incurved ochre line (not entirely connected spots), disappearing in the metazona; paranota dark brown becoming blackish posteriorly, bordered with wide whitish band at their ventral and posterior margins (except for the posterior-dorsal corner); tegmina reaching the sixth abdominal tergite; subcostal and radial veins light ochre in their basal half, stridulatory area medium brown, the rest of tegmina darker with dark veins and dark spots in the apical area outside the stridulatory area; legs ochre-brown with dark spots dorso-laterally, hind femora with longitudinal dark band on the outer side and a wide dark spot on the inner side; abdominal tergites brown, with paler hind margin, lateral side of terga increasingly darker downward, with a wide vertical ochre band at the ventral edge; cerci light brown with a bit darker distal part, armed with a strong, reverse-curving spine located in middle, apical part of the spine blackish; titillators robust, with pale ochre basal arm and brown apical arm, apical arm narrowing distally, with downward and outcurving apex, apical arms and small area of the basal arms covered with spines at their dorsal and outer parts. Description of allotype female ( Fig. 8 ): Medium-sized (Body length 18.1 mm ). Coloration as in male with the following specifics. Dorsal side of fastigium, vertex and pronotum disc pale with two blackish spot on the occiput; tegmina reaching the fourth abdominal tergite, with the base of the subcostal, radial and medial veins of ochre coloration, the rest of tegmen brownish with darker veins and spots in between; ovipositor ochre-brown and darkening at the tip, with a blackish stripe at the base and at the whole upper margin. General description (see also Supplementary Figures 1–7 ). Medium-sized, brachypterous bush-crickets. Head not wider than pronotum, fastigium verticis about 2.5 times wider than scapus. Pronotum convex, almost cylindrical, without evident lateral edges; widening backwards, hind margin just exceeding mesonotum. Dorsal disc rounded in the prozona, metazona flat, slightly depressed in the middle, with wide median carina. Paranota stretch widely ventrally (in dry prepared specimens somewhat narrower), hind margin slightly concave (humeral excision indistinct). Prosternum without spines. Tegmina wide, in natural position overlapping in both sexes, always exceeding 2nd abdominal tergite (usually longer), apex broadly rounded. Hind wings exist but rudimentary. Fore tibiae with 3 outer and 6 inner spines. Postfemora robust, the evenly thin apical part is shorter than one third of the total length (i.e. the dorsal and ventral edges of the femur are not parallel in the apical third of its length); ratio length of hind femur: pronotum: 2,5–3,2. Posttibiae with four apical spurs, two outer ones much longer than inner ones. Plantulae shorter than basal segment of hind tarsi. The colour is quite uniform (as presented in the description of the holotype and the allotype ), except of the vertex and the dorsal disc of pronotum which can vary from light cream to brown or grey but never green; usually unicolored but sometimes with a dark longitudinal stripe. Male . Tegmina at the apical part flat or only slightly convex, rather fitting to the abdomen (ca. 45˚). The distal part of the longitudinal veins (Sc, R, M) straight, the tips of the tegmina far from each other. The distal section of the tegmina (from the end of the mirror to the apex) distinctly longer than the proximal section. Stridulatory file consist of 78–104 pegs. The last 3–4 abdominal tergites with dense, long hairs in the median part; the cuticle here softer, leathery; this hairy and leathery medial part of tergites usually not separated in colour from the adjacent area. Anal tergite wide, deeply depressed, with two crescent lobes regularly bending to the middle (to each other), often forming a round excision between them, in dry prepared specimens the lobes usually overlap or cross eachother. The subgenital plate long, with the widest part in the basal third, with a short triangular emargination between styli. Cerci long, cylindrical and almost uniform in thickness on both the thick basal part and the thin apical part; the apical part bending slightly outwards and has an individual variability in length and width. The inner tooth strong; located nearly in the middle of the cercus or somewhat distal from it (depending on the length of the apical part of the cercus); the base of the tooth wide (as wide or almost as wide as its length). Axis of the innter tooth forms a right or obtuse angle with the axis of the apical part of the cercus. Titillator with spines with both the apical and basal arm; basal arm long (ratio length of apical and basal arm below 0.6); apical arm robust, moderately long, downvards curving and strongly spinulose at the dorsal and lateral side; ends in a pointed apex curving outward and slightly downward. Female . Tip of the tegmina flat or slightly convex. Cubital veins usually brown, more or less parallel, CuPb often closer to CuA than the inner margin of the tegmen. Anal tergite with two triangular terminal lobes, the tips of which extend backwards (less visible in dry specimens). Subgenital plate smooth, wide rectangular, without deep emargination, at most slightly concave at hind margin, V-shaped in caudal view (therefore appears to be excised in caudoventral view). Sternites without any modifications. Ovipositor more than twice as long as pronotum, slightly and evenly upcurved, less compressed laterally, the ventral margin finely serrate apically; dark coloured at the upper margin.

Bioacoustics: The calling song ( Fig. 5 ) consists of repeated series of syllables (echemes) with a duration of 1–2 seconds (839–2449 ms). These echemes consist of 19–54 syllables, with a SRR of 20–28 Hz (25–28ºC). However, there is some variability in the song. In some specimens occasionally a few additional syllables follow directly behind an echeme after a short break ( Fig. 5K–L ). Clearly separated from the echemes also isolated (or pairs of) microsyllables can be observed in many specimens, with 0 to 28 echemes between these short elements ( Fig. 5G–H ). As an individual variation, one animal showed a few microsyllable-like elements near the beginning of an echeme. The frequency spectrum shows a broad peak in the near-ultrasound: peak 21–29 kHz; 7 specimens ( Fig. 6 ). Measurements: Measurements performed on holotype and paratypes are provided in Table 8 .