Bioacoustics of Crossopriza khayyami

Description Male ( holotype ) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.1, carapace width 1.4. Distance PME–PME 90 µm; diameter PME 90 × 110 µm; distance PME–ALE 30 µm; diameter AME 85 µm; distance AME–AME 20 µm. Leg 1: 34.2 (10.1 + 0.6 + 9.3 + 11.9 + 2.3), tibia 2: 6.6, tibia 3: 5.1, tibia 4: 6.0; tibia 1 L/d: 64; femora 1–4 diameters: 0.23, 0.19, 0.18, 0.18. COLOR (in ethanol). Carapace ochre-yellow, anteriorly in median pit light brown; sternum light brown with darker brown radial marks; legs ochre-yellow, without darker rings, with indistinct black lines on femora and (few) on tibiae (cf. Figs 558–559 ); abdomen pale gray, with whitish internal marks, without dark dorsal marks; ventrally with broken dark band, with indistinct parallel longitudinal marks behind gonopore. BODY. Habitus similar to C. sahtan sp. nov. (cf. Fig. 391 ). Ocular area slightly raised. Deep thoracic pit and pair of furrows diverging from pit toward posterior margin. Clypeus unmodified, rim apparently as in female. Sternum wider than long (1.05/0.65), unmodified. Abdomen slightly elongated, dorsoposteriorly angular to conical. CHELICERAE. As in Figs 562–563 , laterally much darker than frontally, with one pair of apophyses distally, each with one large modified hair at tip; distance between tips of modified hairs: 255 µm; lateral stridulatory ridges fine but visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As in Figs 555–557 ; coxa with rounded retrolateral hump; trochanter barely modified; femur distally strongly widened, with rounded ventral protrusion, proximally with prolateral stridulatory pick, with retrolateral transversal line, without retrolateral proximal process but retrolateral-ventral ridge with some small sclerotized processes (hair-bases?); femur-patella joints shifted toward prolateral side; tibia-tarsus joints shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus without macrotrichia; procursus ( Figs 560–561 ) slightly curved towards ventral, strongly narrowing distally, with low prolateral hump proximally set with many hairs, long dorsal hairs mostly straight, only 2–3 hairs weakly curved, procursus tip with ventral sclerite accompanied by strong flat sclerite (prominent in retrolateral view; arrow in Fig. 561 ); genital bulb ( Figs 564–566 ) with simple basal sclerite connected to distal (main) sclerite, sperm duct opening not seen; distal sclerite without retrolateral ridge, with distinctive set of prolateral apophyses, with transparent prolateral structure of unknown function. LEGS. Femur 1 with single row of ~20 ventral spines; without curved hairs; few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 3.5%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on other leg tibiae; tarsal pseudosegments not seen except 1–2 at tip. Male (variation) Tibia 1 in 35 males from Iran and Turkey : 6.4–9.7 (mean 7.8). Males (and females) from some localities (e.g., Izad Khast, Pol-e Dochtar) seem to be significantly larger than specimens from other localities (e.g., S of Yasudsch, Mamulan) (small sample sizes). Some males with distinct dark and whitish marks on abdomen; dark lines on leg femora and tibiae variably distinct. Specimens from Iraq and Afghanistan are assigned tentatively. The single male from Iraq appears identical in shape to the males from Iran but the female differs (see below); the male is also unusually large (tibia 1: 11.1). The males from Afghanistan show tiny but consistent differences in the procursus tip and in the bulbal ventral apophyses (asterisks in Figs 561 and 564 ); they are also considerably larger than the males from Iran and Turkey (tibia 1 in 10 males : 9.6–11.4; mean: 10.9). Female In general similar to male but without spines on legs, apparently without stridulatory files on chelicerae, and with stridulatory organ consisting of pair of weakly sclerotized but distinct processes posteriorly on carapace and pair of small but distinct light brown plates anteriorly on abdomen. Tibia 1 in 55 females from Iran and Turkey : 5.3–9.1 (mean 6.7). Epigynum as in Figs 569–570 , main epigynal plate wider than long, weakly protruding, medially posteriorly light, anteriorly with variably distinct brown mark, laterally heavily sclerotized with pair of large pockets (distance ~290 µm); internal sclerotized arcs and simple median structure visible in uncleared specimens; posterior plate light brown, short but wide. Internal genitalia ( Figs 567–568 , 571–573 ) with large elongate pore plates converging anteriorly, dorsal arc strongly widened laterally, ventral arc with small and simple median modification (not pouch or pocket) apparently asymmetric, with counterpart in dorsal arc also asymmetric (apparently not an artifact of preparation). The single female from Yazd Province is assigned tentatively because the epigynal pockets are slightly closer to the epigynal margin and no male is available from this province. The single female from Iraq (not cleared) seems to have a more prominent median internal structure in the ventral arc; tibia 1: 8.6. In females from Afghanistan the epigynum is slightly longer (length/width: 0.51 vs 0.45 in females from Iran ); they are also significantly larger (tibia 1 in 16 females : 8.3–11.2; mean: 9.9).