Bioacoustics of Ammopelmatus ashleighi

Figs 702–711 , Table18 Species #5, Weissman 2001a . Distribution. ( Fig. 702 ). Only known from western San Bernardino Mts between Lake Arrowhead and Running Springs. Recognition characters. A medium-large, slow drumming, 2n ♂ =25 JC whose rear leg inner tibial spines #1–3 all of similar length. Separated from eastern San Bernardino Mts stripped abdomen A. bartonflats , which is smaller in size with a faster calling drum, male sex clarification drum, male calcar #1 darkened, different DNA , and having 14 metacentric autosomes vs 10 metacentric autosomes in A. ashleighi . Separated from nearest genetic relative, A. whitewater , by habitat and apparent absence of a sex clarification drum in A. ashleighi , and presence of more rear leg inner tibial spines (5–6) than the 3–5 seen in A. whitewater . Otherwise, similar for drum rate and karyotype. Separated from second eastern San Bernardino Mts species, A. angelusoaks , by faster drumming rate in latter. Holotype . Male (in alcohol, Fig. 703 ). California , San Bernardino Co ., Lake Arrowhead , UCLA Bruin Woods , 34.266705° -117.188330°, 1604m , 14-20-vii-1990 (S90-64) DBW. R90-41. Molt to adult 5-ix-1990 . Deposited CAS , Entomology type #20183. Measurements in mm: Body length 37.13, hind femur length 12.78, hind femur width 4.61. Fore leg tibia with 3 ventral spurs; middle leg tibia with 8 calcars, 2 ventral spurs; hind leg tibia ( Fig. 704 ) with 5 inner and 3 outer spines, 2 ventral spurs. Allotype . Female (in alcohol, Fig. 705 ). Same data as holotype except R90-18. Molt to adult 1-ix-1990 . Deposited CAS , CASENT #9083371 . Measurements in mm: Body length 37.63, hind femur length 10.59, hind femur width 3.76 Fore leg tibia with 3 ventral spurs; middle leg tibia with 8 calcars, 2 ventral spurs; hind leg tibia ( Fig. 706 ) with 5 inner and 3 outer spines, 2 ventral spurs. Ovipositor Fig. 707 . Paratypes . ♂ 16 ♀ 31. CALIFORNIA , San Bernardino Co ., all from type locality: 12-xi-1983 (S83-152) ♀ 1; 23-25-vii-1989 (S89-55) ♂ 1 ♀ 3; 14-20-vii-1990 (S90-64) ♂ 2 ♀ 7; 14-20-vii-1991 (S91-57) ♂ 6 ♀ 4; 14-20-vii-1995 (S95-57) ♀ 9; 17-vii-1996 (S96-74) ♀ 1; 12-13-vii-1997 (S97-72) ♂ 2 ♀ 2. San Bernardino Mts, Lake Arrowhead , near Little Bear Creek , 1520m , 6-viii-1988 (S88-96) W. Sakai ♀ 1. Running Springs , 34.210505° -117.110802°, 1888m , 12-vii-1987 (S87-87) W. Sakai ♀ 1; Running Springs , 1646m , 6-vi-1998 (S98-45) M. Wilcox ♂ 1 ♀ 1. Switzer Park Picnic Ground , Hwy 18 0.4 m W Sky Forest , 34.232886° -117.186449°, 1733m , 20-vii-1992 (S92-76) ♂ 2; 20-vii-1994 (S94-64) ♂ 1 ♀ 1. Camp O’Ongo 2.6 m NW Running Springs , 34.225729° -117.133159°, 1917m , 27-xviii-1988 (S88-101), CL Hogue ♂ 1. Drum. Similar calling drum in both sexes. Male: Holotype R90-41 ( Fig. 708 ) with 35 drums over 47.3s (0.74 drums/s) at 20°C. Female: Allotype R90-18 ( Fig. 709 ) with 52 drums over 48.6s (1.1 drums/s) at 21°C. Sex clarification drum apparently absent. Derivation of name. Named after Ashleigh Weissman Wood who had many pleasurable summers at UCLA’s Bruin Woods family summer camp. Habitat. To oatmeal trails, at type locality, in sandy, chaparral (mainly Manzanita ) habitat with oak-pine woodland elements. Life cycle and seasonal occurrence. Apparent typical 2-year life cycle. Variation. Of 41 individuals, 40 had 3 and 1 had 4 ventral fore leg tibial spurs; all had 8 middle leg tibial calcars, all with 2 ventral spurs; 38 had 5 and 3 had 6 inner rear leg tibial spines, and all had 3 outer rear leg tibial spines, all with 2 ventral spurs. In most individuals, inner rear leg tibial spines #1-3 of similar lengths such that any of them could be the longest. DNA . Fig. 697 , p. 400. F 0520 & F0569 (both type locality S97-72), and F0742 (S98-45 Running Springs) all recovered together in Group 12 Southern California #2, along with A. whitewater , A. pinyonpines , and A. anzaborrego . Karyotype. 2n ♂ =25. Two type locality males with similar results. T91-7 ( Fig. 710 , S 91-57 ) and T96-15 ( Fig. 711 , S 95-57 ) both with 5 or 6 metacentric or submetacentric autosomal pairs; 6 or 7 acrocentric or telocentric autosomal pairs; and 1 metacentric X chromosome. Discussion. In the San Bernardino Mts , at Switzer Park (S92-76) and Running Springs (S98-45), A. ashleighi was microsympatric with A. mahogani .