Bioacoustics of Xenogryllus lemuria

Description. Size average to small for the genus; general shape slender, coloration brown. Eyes large and rounded, lateral, occupying over half of head height in facial view, and 45% of head width in dorsal view; with nine thin dark vertical stripes. Head dorsum yellow brown, with two wide median longitudinal dark brown bands almost fused together, and two more lateral bands formed by dark brown dots, fastigium black with yellow margins. Antennae light brown with scapes and first article of antennae dark brown. Face flat in lateral view, whitish with black dots; dark brown line on mandibles, below eyes; clypeus whitish; labrum lateral margins with a light brown band. Pronotal disc brown mottled with dark brown, with a median dark brown band and two black spots on anterior region; carinated laterally with a thin yellow band; posterior margin yellow brown thinly dotted with black, slightly extended posteriorly. Lateral lobes of pronotum almost homogeneously dark brown. Fore legs missing in holotype . Median legs brown with dark spots. Hind legs homogeneously brown. FIII long and narrow. TIII with 15 external subapical spines above spurs, 13 external spines between spurs, 8 internal subapical spines above spurs, 10 internal spines between spurs. First hind tarsomere with one internal dorsal spine (in addition to apical spine), and two rows of external spines, one on lateral side (four spines), and one on dorsal margin (five spines). Abdomen slightly shorter than FWs. Cerci dark brown. Male. FWs light brown, slightly translucent, as wide as abdomen (not widened as in other species of the genus), slightly longer than apex of abdomen; dark coloration anterior to 1A (file) including angle of 1A. Harp longer than wide, with two oblique harp veins almost straight and one partial vein. Cell c1 narrowed posteriorly; cell c2 large; vein separating c1 and c2 dark brown. Mirror large, slightly wider than long, rounded posteriorly. Cell d2 long and narrow. Apical field short, forming a triangle as long as wide, including five cell alignments. Lateral field with 16 bifurcations of Sc. Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallic lophi rectangular and stocky, slightly shorter than rest of pseudepiphallus (including rami). Base of lophi slightly constricted near middle of outer margin; slightly widened ventrally, fused basally on 1/3 of their length. Inner margin of lophi narrow and membranous.Apex of lophi pointed and convergent, forming a short lamella without inner dorsal expansion.Ventral blades of lophi without longitudinal wrinkles, but with a strong transverse carina. Pseudepiphallic parameres bean-shaped, with a wide rectangular ventral lobe. Rami strong, with slightly convergent apex. Pseudepiphallic lateral membranous lobes small. Basal margin of pseudephiphallus strongly reinforced. Ectophallic arc not sclerotized. Ectophallic fold strongly sclerotized, inverted-Y shaped, with a membranous apex. Latero-dorsal expansions of ectophallic fold short. Ectophallic apodemes strong and convergent apically. Endophallic sclerite strong, its weak latero-posterior arms partly fused with ectophallic fold. Female. Unknown. Life history traits and calling song . Unknown. Measurements. (in mm) Body length: 21.5; Pronotum length: 3.5; Pronotum width: 2.6; FW length: 16.8; FW width: 6; Hind wing tail: 6.6; FIII length:15.6; FIII width: 2.9; TIII length: 14.8.

Molecular result Mitochondrial genome organization. The complete mitogenome of Xenogryllus lemuria Yu & Robillard sp. nov. is 15,597 bp in length with a typical gene count (37), including 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA) and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and a control region ( Table 1 ). The majority strand (J strand) contains 20 genes (including nine PCGs and 11 tRNAs), and other 17 genes (including four PCGs, 11 tRNAs and two rRNAs) are oriented on the minority strand (N strand). The gene arrangement is consistent with the other three published Xenogryllus mitogenomes ( Ma et al. , 2019 ; Dong et al. , 2024 ) and other species in Gryllidae (e.g., Song et al. , 2015 ). The overlapping sequences range from 1 to 8 bp, and the intergenic nucleotides are 157 bp in 10 locations. The longest intergenic spacer in Xenogryllus lemuria sp. nov. are located between trnN and trnF (9 bp), between trnS2 to nd1 (50 bp), and between trnQ and trnM (111 bp).