Account
What the sources say about this taxon, as written.
description · 
Plazi
Description. Habitus as in Fig. 27B . Length 22.0–25.0 mm; humeral width 11.0– 12.5 mm . Color dark brown to black. Head: Frons and clypeus coarsely and densely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with 2 transverse tubercles separated by about 4.5 tubercle diameters. Clypeus narrowed towards apex, base 3 times wider than apex. Clypeal teeth triangular, separated by a tooth diameter. Mandible with 2 apical teeth and a lateral, narrowly rounded tooth. Mentum abruptly constricted at apical 3rd. Galea of maxilla with teeth 5 and 6 well developed. Interocular distance 3.5 times an eye width. Pronotum: Surface with small punctures, denser and deeper on anterior and posterior angles. Apical tubercle small, rounded. Subapical fovea shallow, narrow (1/3 as wide as interocular distance), equal in both sexes, surface transversely rugose. Scutellum: With minute, sparse punctures. Elytra: Punctures on first interval as large as those on other intervals. Inner surface of apex with rounded large tubercles forming 11–12 parallel lines ( Fig. 8K ). Abdomen: Apex of tergite IV with a triangular wide area with large, rounded tubercles forming 18 diagonal parallel lines ( Fig. 8G ). Pygidium with dense rugosity on basal 3rd; apex rounded. Venter: Apex of prosternal process flat, longitudinally oval to subrectangular. Metasternum with minute setae on anterior angles. Legs: Protibia tridentate, with a basal small denticle.Apex of metatibia crenulate, with 23–28 spinules. Male genitalia: Phallobase as long as parameres. Parameres with 1 dorsal tooth each side; tooth long, acute; apices roundly expanded ( Figs. 16B , 19B ). Internal sac with copulatory lamella and short lamellar spiny belt; with a complex of 8 spine-like accessory lamellae, without or with reduced granules at base ( Fig. 23A ). Taxonomic remarks. This species was described by Arrow (1914) and then synonymized by Endrödi (1969) under T. gyas based on the approximate shape of the parameres and difficulty to delimitate the differences on the shape of pronotal fovea and protibia. Despite the convergence in the shape of parameres, the phylogenetic analysis evidenced that this species is not close to T. gyas , and they are different in several characters, such as the shape of the frontal tubercles, setation on the metasternum, the stridulatory apparatus, and the internal sac of the aedeagus. Therefore, T. amazonicus is treated here as a valid species and classified in the genus Tomarus .