Bioacoustics of Pentodontini

1. Body black or dark brown, almost black .................................................... 2 – Body brownish-yellow, brown, red or reddish brown ................................. 6 2. Mandibles with 3 teeth ( Fig. 22 ). Propygidium with stridulatory area........ 3 – Mandibles with 2 teeth or without teeth. Propygidium without stridulatory area............................................................................................................ 4 3. Protibia quadridentate. Pronotum with apical tubercle, subapical fovea deep ( Fig. 23 ). Elytra smooth or moderately punctate. Propygidium elongated, pygidium short ................................................................... Bothynus Hope – Protibia tridentate. Pronotum convex, without tublercle. Elytra with rows of impressed punctures. Propygidium short, pygidium normal......................... ................................................................................... Hylobothynus Ohaus 4. Clypeus truncate or relatively contracted at apex, bidentate. Pronotum with or without apical tubercle and subapical fovea............................................ 5 – Clypeus acuminate, strongly reflexed. Pronotum with large apical tubercle, fovea wide and deep. Both sides of pronotum with obtuse carina................. ........................................................................................ Oxyligyrus Arrow 5. Mandibles with 2–3 teeth, third tooth obtuse. Pronotum with apical tubercle and deep subapical fovea ( Fig. 24 )................................... Tomarus Erichson – Mandibles without teeth, external edge sinuate, rounded. Pronotum convex, without tubercle and fovea ( Fig. 25 ).................................... Euetheola Bates 6. Mandibles small, narrow, external edge curved. Clypeus truncate. Pronotum convex, with deep transverse fovea or with 2 small tubercles behind anterior margin. Protibia tridentate......................................................................... 7 – Mandibles broad, with 2 apical teeth. Clypeus contracted, emarginate. Pronotum in males with high and wide knob, apex bifurcate. Fovea broad. Females with convex pronotum. Head of males with small horn, apex rounded; females with tubercle. Protibia quadridentate............ Thronistes Burmeister 7. Frontal suture impressed ( Fig. 26 ). Frons without tubercles or horns. Pronotum convex, with 2 small tubercles behind anterior margin ......................... ......................................................................................... Parapucaya Prell – Frontal suture absent. Frons with tubercle or semiconical horn close to each eye. Pronotum binodose, with transversal fovea ( Fig. 27 ) ...... Pucaya Ohaus