Bioacoustics of Singapora

1. Aedeagal shaft with processes ( Figs. 2g , h )................................................................. 2 1’ Aedeagal shaft without process ( Figs. 3g , h )................................................................ 9 2. Aedeagal shaft compressed............................................................................. 3 2’ Aedeagal shaft tubular, not compressed ( Figs. 2g , h ).......................................................... 4 3. Aedeagal shaft with apical processes lamellate, longer than shaft............................. S. bannaensis Song & Li 3’ Aedeagal shaft with apical processes slim, shorter than shaft......................................... S. arifi Ghauri 4. Aedeagal shaft with three processes apically........................................... S. triacantha Yang & Zhang 4’ Aedeagal shaft with paired processes apically or subapically ( Figs. 2g , h )......................................... 5 5. Aedeagal shaft with paired processes directed dorsad...................................... S. candela Yang & Zhang 5’ Aedeagal shaft with paired processes directed ventrad ( Figs. 2g , h ).............................................. 6 6. Anal tube appendage without apical hook, aedeagal shaft with paired processes subapically................................................................................................................. S. diversa Ghauri 6’ Anal tube appendage with distinct apical hook, aedeagal shaft with paired processes apically......................... 7 7. Inner protrusion of style subapical, aedeagal shaft with tiny process terminally................ S. nigropunctata Mahmood 7’ Inner protrusion of style near center, aedeagal shaft without tiny process terminally ( Figs. 2e, f, g, h )................... 8 8. Anal tube appendage with apex arcuate................................................ S. fopingensis Chou & Ma 8’ Anal tube appendage with apex sinuate ( Fig. 2d )...................................... S. yingjiangica Cao & Zhang 9. Pronotum with yellow brownish markings................................................. S. cyclops (Kuznezov) 9’ Pronotum without markings............................................................................ 10 10. Aedeagal shaft with smooth lateral sides ( Fig. 3g ).......................................................... 11 10’ Aedeagal shaft with serrated lateral sides................................................................. 16 11. Style with apex sharply or obviously curved laterad, inner protrusion near center ( Figs. 3e, f )........................ 12 11’ Style with apex gradually curved laterad, inner protrusion subapical............................................ 14 12. Anal tube appendage rounded apically, aedeagal preatrial process curved dorsad................. S. falcata Cao & Zhang 12’ Anal tube appendage pointed apically, aedeagal preatrial process curved ventrad apically)........................... 13 13. Style with apex obviously curved laterad ( Figs. 3e, f )............................ S. shiqianensis Lin & Zhang sp. nov. 13’ Style with apex sharply curved laterad.............................................. S. longiantrosa Yang & Zhang 14. Aedeagal preatrial process tapering to apex gradually..................................... S. shinshana (Matsumura) 14’ Aedeagal preatrial process tapering towards midlength, apical half even in thickness............................... 15 15. Anal tube appendage short, not reaching hind margin of pygofer side, manubrium of connective broad, aedeagal preatrial process straight in distal half....................................................... S. victoreena Chiang & Knight 15’ Anal tube appendage long, exceeding hind margin of pygofer side, manubrium of connective narrow, aedeagal preatrial process curved dorsad in distal half.......................................................... S. excedens Yang & Zhang 16. Body larger than 3.7mm , anal tube appendage blunt ventro-caudally.......... S. karnatakana Viraktamath & Dworakowska 16’ Body smaller than 3.4mm , anal tube appendage pointed ventro-caudally......................................... 17 17. Abdominal apodemes short, extended to anterior margin of 4th sternite, aedeagal shaft T-shaped apically in caudal view..................................................................................... S. shivae Dworakowska 17’ Abdominal apodemes long, extended to 5th sternite, apex of aedeagal shaft not T-shaped in caudal view............... 18 18. Apex of aedeagal shaft truncate apically in caudal view..................................... S. viridis Dworakowska 18’ Apex of aedeagal shaft rounded and serrated apically in caudal view.................. S. indica (Ramakrishnan & Menon)

1. Aedeagal shaft with processes ( Figs 1 g, h, 2f, 3h, 4h, 6h, 10h, 11h).............................................. 2 - Aedeagal shaft without process (Figs 5i , m, 7e, 8h, 9i )........................................................ 9 2. Aedeagal shaft compressed ( Figs 1 g-i, 2f, g)................................................................ 3 - Aedeagal shaft tubular, not compressed (Figs 3h, i, 4h, j, 6h, j, 10h, i, 11h, i)....................................... 4 3. Aedeagal shaft with apical processes lamellate, longer than shaft (Fig. 2g )..................... S. bannaensis Song & Li - Aedeagal shaft with apical processes slim, shorter than shaft ( Fig. 1 i)................................. S. arifi Ghauri 4. Aedeagal shaft with three processes apically (Fig. 10h)........................... S. triacantha Yang & Zhang sp. nov. - Aedeagal shaft with paired processes apically or subapically (Figs 3h, 4h, 6h, 11h).................................. 5 5. Aedeagal shaft with paired processes directed dorsad (Fig. 6h)....................... S. candela Yang & Zhang sp. nov. - Aedeagal shaft with paired processes directed ventrad (Figs 3h, 4h, 11h).......................................... 6 6. Anal tube appendage without apical hook, aedeagal shaft with paired processes subapically.............. S. diversa Ghauri - Anal tube appendage with distinct apical hook, aedeagal shaft with paired processes apically (Figs 3b, h, 4b, h, 11b, h)..... 7 7. Inner protrusion of style subapical, aedeagal shaft with tiny process terminally (Figs 4e, i)....... S. nigropunctata Mahmood - Inner protrusion of style near center, aedeagal shaft without tiny process terminally (Figs 3e, h, 11e, h).................. 8 8. Anal tube appendage with apex arcuate, aedeagal shaft with paired processes curved laterad apically (Figs 3b, h)........................................................................................... S. fopingensis Chou & Ma - Anal tube appendage with apex sinuate, aedeagal shaft with paired processes almost straight apically (Figs 11b, h)................................................................................ S. yingjiangica Cao & Zhang sp. nov. 9. Pronotum with yellow brownish markings................................................. S. cyclops (Kuznezov) - Pronotum without markings............................................................................ 10 10. Aedeagal shaft with smooth lateral sides (Figs 5j, n, 7e, 8i , 9i )................................................ 11 - Aedeagal shaft with serrated lateral sides.................................................................. 15 11. Style with apex sharply curved laterad, inner protrusion near center (Figs 8e, f, 9e, f)............................... 12 - Style with apex gradually curved laterad, inner protrusion subapical (Figs 5g , 7c, d)................................ 13 12. Anal tube appendage rounded apically, aedeagal preatrial process curved dorsad (Figs 8b, j)...................................................................................................... S. falcata Cao & Zhang sp. nov. - Anal tube appendage pointed apically, aedeagal preatrial process curved ventrad apically (Figs 9b, j).......................................................................................... S. longiantrosa Yang & Zhang sp. nov. 13. Aedeagal preatrial process tapering to apex gradually (Figs 5l, p)............................ S. shinshana (Matsumura) - Aedeagal preatrial process tapering towards midlength, apical half even in thickness (Fig. 7g )........................ 14 14. Anal tube appendage short, not reached hind margin of pygofer side, manubrium of connective broad, aedeagal preatrial pro- cess straight in distal half....................................................... S. victoreena Chiang & Knight - Anal tube appendage long, exceeding hind margin of pygofer side, manubrium of connective narrow, aedeagal preatrial pro- cess curved dorsad in distal half (Figs 7a, c, g).................................... S. excedens Yang & Zhang sp. nov. 15. Body larger than 3.7mm , anal tube appendage blunt ventro-caudally......... S. karnatakana Viraktamath & Dworakowska - Body smaller than 3.4mm , anal tube appendage pointed ventro-caudally......................................... 16 16. Abdominal apodemes short, extended to anterior margin of 4th sternite, aedeagal shaft T-shaped apically in caudal view....................................................................................... S. shivae Dworakowska - Abdominal apodemes long, extended to 5th sternite, apex of aedeagal shaft not T-shaped in caudal view................ 17 17. Apex of aedeagal shaft truncate apically in caudal view..................................... S. viridis Dworakowska - Apex of aedeagal shaft rounded and serrated apically in caudal view................. S. indica (Ramakrishnan & Menon)