Bioacoustics of Poecilimon canakkale

Description and a diagnosis. Morphology ( Figs 5 , 12 ) typical for the P. bosphoricus species group with the body shape, size and colouration resembling mostly those of the species in Subgroup 2 ( P. warchalowskae , P. turcicus and P. athos Tilmans, F. Willemse et L. Willemse, 1989 ; the last was given within Subgroup 1 in Kaya et al. 2012 , but see Discussion section below). Morphology and colouration as in P. warchalowskae , except for the following differences. Male pronotum ( Fig. 5 A, B) shorter, usually less than 5 mm in length (in P. warchalowskae over 5 mm ), exposing larger part of tegmina. Male stridulatory row is very similar to those of P. athos , P. warchalowskae and P. turcicus , bearing 89–107 teeth. Male cerci ( Fig. 5 C, D) almost straight to the last fourth, which is incurved forming an almost right angle with the proximal part; the tip is generally narrower with long external row of 3–7 large teeth and short internal row of 2–4 teeth, separated by a similar in size medial tooth; the outer (external) row is straight (convex in P. warchalowskae ) and the inner row is oblique sloping to the tip. In general the apex of male cerci resembles those of P. proximus ( Fig. 6 D) and P. scythicus (see Kaya et al. 2012 : Fig. 78) but the overall habitus and song of those species are distinct (compare this paper and Kaya et al. 2012 ). The cerci of P. canakkale are similar to those of P. athos (see Tilmans et al. 1989 : Fig. 4 ), yet, in the latter the cerci are overall stouter, less curved and with a very wide apex. Male subgenital plate ( Fig. 5 E) with an apical constriction, resembling in shape that of P. turcicus ( Fig. 3 E), but shorter than in the latter, and that of P. athos (compare with Tilmans et al. 1989 : Fig. 1 ). The lamellae of the ovipositor are very similar to those of P. warchalowskae (compare Figs 11 A, B and 12A, B) and P. a t ho s (see Tilmans et al. 1989 : Fig. 5 ), being shorter than in P. warchalowskae and with longer ventro-lateral process in P. athos . Female ovipositor is shorter than in P. warchalowskae (usually shorter than 9 mm , while in P. warchalowskae it is longer than 9.2 mm ), but fits the length of the ovipositor of P. athos . Measurements . See Table 1 . Bioacoustics ( Table 2 ). Male calling song can be classified as typical for Subgroup 2 (see Kaya et al. 2012 ). It is more variable than the song of P. turciae , P. turcicus and P. warchalowskae with significant inter-individual variation in the number and period of the impulses of both parts of the syllable (see Table 2 ) and thus different individuals show syllable pattern similar to one of these species. The average values of the number of impulses in the first syllable part is most similar to those of P. turciae but the number of impulses in the second part is usually much higher and thus at similar temperature in P. canakkale the second part is longer. In some specimens the first part of the syllable may be reduced or even absent. Main song frequencies lie between 20/22 and 32 kHz with peaks observed at 28–30 kHz (thus being higher than in P. warchalowskae ). Cercal teeth number Stridulatory Species Sex Pronotum Hindfemur Ovipositor Outer row Mid tooth Inner row teeth 21.1‾46.6 2.9‾5.4 . turciae male 4.6–5.9 5.4±0.5 n=10 14.2–16.7 15.7±0.8 n=10 – 6–11 8±1 n=20 – 1–3 3 n=20 70–90 79±7 n=10 female 5.3–6.2 5.7±0.3 n=10 16.8–18.3 17.6±0.5 n=10 9.4–10.1 9.7±0.3 n=10 – – – – . warchalowskae male 5.0–5.8 5.3±0.3 n=10 14.4–16.4 15.5±0.8 n=10 – 6–13 9±2 n=20 1 4–8 6±1 n=20 86–104 93±6 n=10 female 5.0–5.5 5.2±02 n=10 15.9–17.5 16.6±0.5 n=10 9.2–10.1 9.6±0.3 n=10 – – – – . canakkale male 4.5–5.2 4.9±0.2 n=10 14.0–15.8 15.0±0.5 n=10 – 3–7 5±1 n=20 1 2–4 3±1 n=20 89–107 98±7 n=10 female 4.2–5.7 4.7±0.5 n=10 14.9–18.2 16.8±1.2 n=10 8.4–9.4 8.8±0.3 n=10 – – – – Species -location Type Air T°C SRR SL Part 1 Part 2 IN 1 IN 2 IP 1 IP 2 P. sureyanus / anatolicus *-E∶ Elmali I 17°C lοw <<0.25 951 926 25 13 4 71 8 P. warchalowskae— E∶ Sarkοy II 17°C lοw <0.5 508‾884 707±100; 745 n=21 411‾817 633±108; 673 n=21 53‾100 74±14; 74 n=21 11‾24 13‾18 17±4; 17 16±1; 16 n=21 n=21 28.3‾46.9 3.9‾6.2 36.8±5.0; 4.8±0.6; 36.1 4.8 n=21 n=21 P. turcicus -E∶ Mandrakοy II 17°C lοw <0.25 632‾903 782±74; 793 n=18 554‾758 675±56; 6723 n=18 59‾143 107±25; 118 n=18 13‾19 10‾21 16±2; 17 17±1; 18 n=18 n=18 32.6‾53.3 6.1‾8.1 41.5±6.0; 6.7±0.5; 41.0 6.7 n=18 n=18 P. miramae -E∶ Mandrakοy III 17°C high ≥1 103‾134 120±8; 122 n=21 ‾ ‾ 42‾47 45±1; 45 n=21 2.3‾3.1 2.7±0.2; 2.7 n=21 195‾397 169‾360 21‾57 6‾12 6‾14 24‾ lοw 34.8±5.8; 3.6±0.69; turciae— A∶ Iznik I⁄II 332±38; 337 296±41; 298 35±8; 35 9±1; 8 11±2; 11 25°C <<0.25 35.7 3.5 n=38 n=38 n=38 n=38 n=38 n=38 n=38 15.5‾25.4 2.5‾3.8 307‾451 264‾411 21‾50 14‾21 8‾16 warchalowskae— E∶ 24‾ lοw 21.0±2.9; 3.1±0.3; II 397±36; 404 357±37; 359 40±6; 40 17±2; 17 14±2; 14 Sarkοy 25°C <0.5 21.8 3.1 n=40 n=40 n=40 n=40 n=40 n=40 n=40 11.6‾64.0 2.3‾6.4 122‾390 (0)57‾350 35‾82 1‾20 2‾29 canakkale -A∶ Can‾ 24‾ lοw 36.1±12.6; 3.2±0.9; II 274±53; 292 217±60; 229 57±12; 60 7±4; 6 20±7; 23 Biga 25°C <0.5 34.5 2.8 n=79 n=79 n=79 n=79 n=79 n=79 n=79 Legend (terms arranged by their οrder in the table)∶ E -Eurοpean side οf the Bοsphοrus; A -Asian side οf the Bοsphοrus; Type -sοng type accοrding tο Kaya et al. (2012) ; Air C— air temperature during recοrding (°C); SRR -syllables repetitiοn rate (s -1); SL -length οf syllables (ms); Part 1-length οf the first part οf the syllable (if recοgnizable)); Part 2 -length οf the secοnd part οf the syllable (if recοgnizable) (ms); IN 1 -number οf impulses in the first syllable part; IN 2 -number οf impulses in the secοnd syllable; IP 1 -average per syllable impulse periοd οf the first syllable part (ms); IP 2 -average per syllable impulse periοd οf the impulses οf the secοnd syllable part (ms); n - number. Measurements, when apprοpriate, given in the fοllοwing οrder∶ Minimal value-Maximal value, (Average ± Standard deviatiοn; Median), Number. Characters that best diagnοse a cοuple οf taxa frοm each οther οr characterize a single species are bοrdered with a thick black line. single measurement. Fοr details at 26°C and cοmparisοns with οther taxa see Kaya et al. (2012) .