Bioacoustics of Oecanthus rubromaculatus

Discussion of paratypes . Subapical spurs: individuals 03FSFP ♀ and 4FSFP ♀ present four inner and three outer subapical spurs, same as holotype ; and individuals 01FSFP ♂ , 02FSFP ♂ and 05FSFP ♀ present three inner and three outer subapical spurs. Right tegmen ( paratype 02FSFP, Figs 10–11 ). Lateral field with 11 accessory veins; basal area reduced, including veins 1A, 2A, 3A; harp present three cross-veins; mirror with two straight cross-veins; apical area and median fan reduced. Vein Cu2 form the stridulatory file bearing 30 teeth. Metanotal gland ( paratype 02FSFP, Figs 12–14 ). Scutum ( Fig. 12 , Sc) with a pit wide, and a pair of protuberances ( Fig. 13 , Scp), each bearing a translucent tuft of bristles projected inward ( Fig. 14 , a), and a tuft projected posteriorly ( Fig. 14 , b); scutellum ( Fig. 12 , St) with a projected pair of protuberances ( Fig. 13 , Stp), and a posterior median lobe ( Figs 13 , pml, 14) triangular, with apex curved up and forward ( Fig. 13 , pml). Male genitalia ( paratype 02FSFP, Figs 15–19 ). Pseudepiphallic sclerite longer than wide; median lophi of pseudepiphallus (MLophi) projecting posteriorly, bilobed, forming an U-shaped invagination, lobe’s tip slightly arched outward; pseudepiphallic apodema present (PsAp), anterior margin curved posteriorly in dorsal view; rami (r) longer than pseudepiphallic sclerite, slightly curved inward, apex single, straight and not connected; ectophallic invagination well developed, ectophallic arc (arc) curved anteriorly, distal prolongation present (arcDp); ectophallic fold (EctF) slightly sclerotized; ectophallic invagination ventral projection (EctVp) very longer than ectophallic apodema (EctAp); endophalus U-shaped (End). Female. ( Figs 2 , 6–9 ). Body color similar to male; slightly larger than male; light red spot between eyes little more intense than that of the male; subgenital and supra-anal plates as Figures 6 and 7 , respectively; ovipositor little shorter than the cerci, apex denticulate ( Figs 8–9 ). Male and Female Measurements: in Table 1 . BL PL PWA PWP FL TL CL TgL OL 197DA ♂ 12.2 2.24 1.23 1.82 8.09 9.35 5.31 11.2 - 01FSFP ♂ 12.0 2.26 1.25 1.82 7.86 8.55 5.2 10.6 - 02FSFP ♂ 11.9 2.21 1.36 1.84 7.93 8.64 4.82 10.6 - 03FSFP ♀ 13.0 2.32 1.54 2.02 8.35 9.34 5.38 - 4.87 04FSFP ♀ 13.1 2.45 1.57 2.0 8.46 9.36 5.57 - 4.47 05FSFP ♀ 13.6 2.58 1.56 2.07 8.2 9.26 4.97 - 4.53 Bioacoustics. ( Figs 20–24 , Tab. 2 ). Calling song is composed of a regular train of chirps (4 Ch/s), each one bearing 6 or 7 pulses (may occur 5 or 8 pulses) ( Figs 20, 23 ), interspersed by an irregular sequence of chirps, varying the number of pulses ( Fig. 21 ); both sound sequences present dominant frequency of 2.4 kHz at 18.4ºC ( Tab. 2 ). Courtship song is composed of chirps emitted sporadically throughout the courtship; chirps present 17.1 pulses ± 1.374 (15–19, n = 10); pulses increase in amplitude gradually ( Figs 22, 24 ); chirp duration = 0.22s ± 0.015 (0.2– 0.25, n = 10), and dominant frequency = 3.1 kHz ( Tab. 2 ). Individual DF Ch/s P/ch T 173DA 2.5 4 5, 6 and 7 20.5ºC 186DA 2.6 4 5, 6 and 7 22ºC 197DA 2.4 4 5, 6 and 7 18.4ºC 197DA* 3.1 - 15 to 19 - 197DA, Holotype; * Courtship song. Habitat and behavior. Males send the calling song in the tree canopy, up to about five meters from the ground; some individuals were chirping in the understory bushes, or even in lower branches, which made it possible for us to obtain some specimens for this work. Males stridulate on the leave’s edge ( Fig. 25 ), and use the leaf curvature to amplifier the acoustic signals. A couple was photographed on a leaf during copulation, with the male feeding the female from the metanotal gland secretions ( Fig. 26 ).