Bioacoustics of Heminicsara incrassata

Description. Fully-winged, medium-sized species with habitus typical of the genus, as shown in Fig. 1 . Fastigium verticis conical, fairly stout, not surpassing scapus, apex obtuse ( Fig. 2A ). Frons flat, oblique, nearly smooth in the middle and very weakly rugose on the lateral parts; without lateral carinae ( Fig. 2B ). Maxillary palps elongated and slender; apical segment longest with apex truncated, subapical segment slightly longer than third segment. Eyes oval, weakly protruding ( Figs. 2A, 2B ); median ocellus reduced, indicated only by light oval spot ( Fig. 2B ); lateral ocelli between fastigium of vertex and scapus, small and oblong ( Fig. 2A ). Pronotum smooth, lateral lobe slightly more rugose; disc distinctly longer than wide, broadly rounded into paranota ( Figs. 2A, 2C ); anterior margin very faintly emarginated in middle; posterior area not raised, projecting posteriorly and covering stridulatory file and base of mirror, margin rounded ( Fig. 2A ). Lateral lobe about 3.2 times as long as high; ventral margin very faintly concave, ventro-posterior angle slightly projecting, posterior margin broadly rounded ( Fig. 2C ). Thoracic auditory spiracle completely covered by paranota ( Fig. 2C ). Prosternum with two fairly long spines ( Fig. 2D ). Mesosternal and metasternal lobes conical with blunt apices; median plate less broad than meso- and meta-sterna ( Fig. 2D ). Anterior coxa with a long dorsal spine pointing anteriorly, apex acute ( Fig. 2A ). Anterior tibia with both tympana slit-shaped but covered by slightly swollen conchate protective covering ( Fig. 2B ). Femora with the following number of robust spines on ventral margins: anterior femur 7 external (slightly smaller than internal ones), 7 internal of increasing size distally; middle femur 7 external, 3 small internal at base; posterior femur 11 external of increasing size distally, 6 barely visible small internal (all anterior of the most basal external spines). All knee lobes long spinose externally and internally, except for external knee lobe of middle femora. Tibiae with the following number of spines on ventral margins: anterior tibia 9 external, 9 internal; middle tibia 10 external, 9 internal. Male. Tegmen macropterous, surpassing hind femora, apex rounded ( Fig. 1 ). Mirror fully developed, somewhat triangular, 1.2 times wider than long, anterior margin wider than posterior margin ( Fig. 3A ). Stridulatory file straight; about 2.2 mm long; with teeth evenly distributed; with circa 78 teeth ( Fig. 3B ). Hind wings concealed un- der tegmina ( Fig. 1 ). Tenth abdominal tergite highly modified, forms a large shield-shaped plate; setose, especially in the medial area; apical half bent ventrally; apical margin producing two elongated lobes in the middle, pointing ventrad, apex oblique, rounded between the two apical lobes; apical lobe carinate along external margin with apex subacute ( Figs. 3C–E ). Epiproct concealed under the prolongation of tenth abdominal tergite. Cercus elongate and conical with apex rounded; ventro-inner margin with a stout and strongly curved basal lobe with apex rounded and pointing ventrally ( Fig. 3F ). Subgenital plate rectangular, slightly longer than broad, posterior margin narrowly and angularly excised in middle, lateral lobes stout; styli cylindrical, long, apex obtuse ( Fig. 3G ). Phallus with fused titillators ( Figs. 3H, 3I ). Titillator slender and elongated; dorso-lateral margins carinate and diverging posteriorly into laminate lobules pointing dorsad ( Fig. 3H ); posterior end truncated ( Fig. 3I ). Female. Unknown. Colouration. Pale green (yellow when preserved and discoloured) with mottled dark patterns ( Fig. 1 ). Head dorsum pale green with some faint grey-brown strips, fastigium verticis grey-brown ( Fig. 2A ). Scapus dark brown and pedicel yellow brown ( Fig. 2B ); antennal segments red brown to dark brown ( Fig. 2A ). Face dark between the eyes, frons grey-brown. Clypeus black in dorsal parts, yellow brown on ventral half; maxillary palpus and labrum pale yellow; mandible black ( Fig. 2B ). Pronotum generally pale green. Dorsal disc with anterior part with lateral transverse black spots, anterior third dark brown in middle, between the lateral spots; posterior of the anterior third with X-shaped dark pattern, posterior arms of X-shaped pattern larger and extending to dorsal part of lateral lobe ( Fig. 2B ). Lateral lobe of pronotum green to yellow green ( Fig. 2C ). Tegmen generally with cells black; veins white ( Figs. 1B , 2C , 3A ). Coxae pale yellow. Femora pale green with a faint dark dorsal band at apical end just before knees (most obvious in posterior femora); knees yellow green; spines brown with black apices ( Figs. 1A , 2C ). Anterior tibia yellow brown, with dark spots between and posterior of tympana ( Fig. 2B ). Abdominal tergites, sternites and apex pale green ( Figs. 1 , 2D , 3D–E ). Measurements (mm). Holotype BL = 27.0, PL = 6.0, PW = 7.0, TL = 28.2, FIIIL = 17.8, FIIIW = 4.6, TIIIL = 17.0; paratype BL = 28.5, PL = 9.9, PW = 7.2, TL = 27.9, FIIIL = 18.7, FIIIW = 4.6 TIIIL = 17.3 (slightly deformed). Habitats. The two known specimens were collected in primary forest, one on a Pandanus tree, one on a tree trunk at about 2.5 m high.