Bioacoustics of Heminicsara castaneipictus

Description of male: Fastigium of vertex ( Figs. 1 , 14 ) short and narrow, 1.5 times shorter and 1.9 times narrower than antennal scape; compressed laterally; slightly narrowed to apex in dorsal view; separated from fastigium of frons with a thin incision, in frontal view slightly widened to apex. Antennae filiform, at least twice as long as body. Eye ( Figs. 1 , 14 ) small, its vertical diameter 1.3 times shorter than the distance between eyes on vertex; almost as wide as antennal scape in frontal view. Labrum small, not covering mandibles completely; distal teeth of mandibles visible under labrum ( Figs. 1 ). Face slightly convex. Pronotum ( Figs. 2, 3 , 13, 14 ) with two distinct tranverse sulci, typical sulcus deep; Hind margin of paranota distinctly raised over the thoracic auditory spiracle; anterior margin of pronotum slightly concave, posterior margin strongly convex; prozona raised, convex in lateral view; metazona almost straight, prolonged backwards; pronotum 1.3 times longer than wide and twice as long as its height. Tegmina ( Figs. 2, 3 , 13, 14 ) greatly reduced, reaching end of first abdominal tergite, apex narrowly rounded; stridulatory apparatus fully concealed under pronotum. Thoracic auditory spiracle elliptical, 2.3 times longer than wide, visible under raised hind margin of paranota in posterior view. Fore coxa ( Fig. 13 ) with a large downcurved dorsal spine; middle and hind coxa with a short and broad distinct ventral tooth. Outer side of fore femur with 5–6, inner side with 6 ventral spines, in other male inner side with 5–6 spines. Middle femur with 6 outer and 2 inner proximal ventral spines, in other male inner side with 1–2 ventral spines. Hind femur with 9–10 ventral spines on outer side, with 2 ventral spines on inner side distally, in other male with 3 inner spines distally. All tibia with ventral spines on both sides. Dorsal surface of femora, fore and middle tibia without spines. Hind tibia with dorsal spines on each side; with 2 dorsal and 4 ventral apical spurs. Outer and inner genicular lobes of fore and middle femora ( Figs. 13, 14 ) with one distinct spiniform tooth, inner one sharper and longer than outer one; genicular lobe of hind femur with 2 sharp spines on each side. Prosternum ( Fig. 17 ) with 2 long U-shaped spines. Mesosternum ( Fig. 17 ) with a long spiniform tooth at posterior end of lateral margin, anterior end rounded. Metasternum ( Fig. 17 ) with 2 short blunt teeth on lateral margin, anterior tooth low and sharper, distinctly separated by a deep split; posterior tooth blunt conical; lateral margin between two tooth rounded collar-like. Last abdominal tergite ( Fig. 4 ) short, only little longer than 9th tergite, 2.2 times broader than long, posterior margin with a shallow and broad rounded incision. Cercus ( Fig. 6, 7 ) stout with 2 inner arms, basal part cylindrical, after second inner arm slightly narrowed to apex; apex blunt, narrowly rounded; base with a long, slender, S-shaped and downcurved inner arm, pointed with a short tooth; middle part with a larger, bird-shaped, main inner arm, pointed with a large tooth like a bird-beak. Subgenital plate ( Fig. 5 ) longer than wide, posterior margin with a very shallow rounded incision, styli longer than the depth of posterior incision. Female : Head and pronotum as in male. Tegmina ( Figs. 15, 16 ) narrow, 1.7 times longer than wide, reaching slightly beyond end of first abdominal tergite, in other female reaching 1/3 of second abdominal tergite; slightly overlapping; distinctly narrowed at apex. Thoracic auditory spiracle as in male. Fore femur with 5 outer and 4–5 inner spines ventrally; outer side of middle femur with 5–6, inner side with 1–2 ventral spines; other characteristics of legs including genicular lobes as in male. Last abdominal tergite (Fig. 9) very short, almost half of 9th abdominal tergite, in other female slightly longer; posterior margin with a small, triangular median incision. Cercus (Fig. 9) long, slightly incurved; basal part broad, its apical part strongly and sharply narrowed; strongly pointed at apex. Subgenital plate (Figs. 10, 11) with a large side sclerite; short and broad, 2.4 times broader than long, excluding its side sclerite; posterior margin strongly downcurved, with a wide rounded median incision. Ovipositor (Figs. 12, 15) almost half of body length, 1.4 times longer than pronotum and 1.6 times shorter than hind femur; just after its base narrow, widened in middle part; its apical part strongly and sharply narrowed and distinctly upcurved. Color (dry specimens): Body dull brown and black. Face yellowish brown, with brown or reddish brown vertical bands; above fronto-clypeal sulcus with 2 oval light spots. Labrum of lighter color, yellow in holotype , in others yellowish brown. Teeth of mandibles black. Antenna brown with sparse irregular dark rings. Pronotum bicolored, dorsal surface reddish brown, lateral lobes dark brown or black. Tegmina dark brown, costal margin black, anal margin light brown. Fore and middle femora reddish or blackish brown; fore femur with short light spots on outer surface in male; basal part of hind femur dark reddish brown in male, black in female, its apical part of lighter color. Abdominal tergites black in male, dark reddish brown in female, with a broad light brown median band on dorsal surface, excluding male last tergite. Male last tergite dark brown. Cerci pale greenish brown in both sexes. Subgenital plate greenish brown in male and reddish brown in female. Sternites milky yellowish brown. Basal part of ovipositor dark brown and black, its apical part light reddish brown. Measurements (mm): Length of body: male 26–27.2, female 27–30.8; pronotum: male 9.9–10.2, female 9.7–10.2; tegmina (visible part): male 4.5–4.7, female 5–6; hind femur: male 20.4–20.2, female 22.1–23; ovipositor: 13.9–14.5.