Bioacoustics of Conocephalus (Anisoptera) usmanii

Plate 1 , Figs G–H; Plate 5 Figs. 1 –16; Plate 8 , Figs A–B Description Male: Body small and slender. Head: fastigium compressed laterally; base of fastigium 2.5 times as wide as scapus, apex rounded; eyes globular and bulging outward. Tegmina and wings: tegmina shorter than hind wings, apex rounded; wings ending before the middle of hind tibia. Thorax: pronotal disc raised posteriorly; anterior margin weakly concave, posterior margin rounded; median carina indistinct; lateral lobes of pronotum more or less rounded, deeper than long; posterior edge of lateral lobe slightly raised, elliptical area of thinner cuticle covering partially the thoracic auditory spiracle; humeral sinus very weak; prosternum with a pair of spines; mesosternal lobes triangular; metasternal lobes more or less rounded; thoracic auditory spiracle medium, oval, partially hidden under lateral lobe of pronotum. Stridulatory file with 36 teeth, file narrow on both ends, file directed upwards proximally and downwards distally. Legs : genicular lobes of fore femora with two spines on inner side and a single spine on outer side; mid genicular lobes armed by a single spine on inner side and two spines on outer side; hind genicular lobes with two spines on both inner and outer side; fore coxae with a spine; all femora dorsally spineless; fore and mid femora ventrally unarmed; hind femora ventrally spineless on inner margin; 6 small, black spines on outer margin; an oval shaped tympanum present on fore tibiae, the opening laterally side with a pair of small pits laterally just below the tympanum; fore and mid tibiae dorsally spineless; ventrally fore tibiae with 6 small spines on inner margin, 6 small spines on outer margin; mid tibiae ventrally with 6 small spines on inner margin, 6 small spines on outer margin; dorsally hind tibiae with variable number of black spines on inner margin outer margin; hind tibiae ventrally with 6 small spines on inner margin, 9 small sized spines on outer margin; single dorsal pair of spurs and two ventral pairs (outer large and inner being small) of spurs present on the apical region of hind tibiae; 10 th abdominal tergite broad; apical margin with a deep, rounded median excision; apical margin triangularly rounded; supra-anal plate triangular with basal groove; subgenital plate flat and longer than broader, basal to apical region uniform, apical margin without any median excision; styles short and wide; apex blunt; cerci laterally compressed, basally narrow and cylindrical, apically thick and broad, apices rounded; internal tooth triangular, directed outwards, apex pointed. Female: Tenth abdominal tergite with a partial longitudinal median incision; supra-anal plate triangular, with a basal groove in the middle; paraproct lobes large and exposed. Subgenital plate broader than long; apical margin with moderately rounded excision; cerci conical, straight or slightly upcurved; ovipositor weekly upcurved; moderately surpassing the wings when straightened; length of ovipositor shorter than hind femur.