Bioacoustics of Anisophyini

Comments. This new tribe includes most South American taxa traditionally grouped within Odonturini . Based on additional morphological evidence and comparisons with short-winged taxa from other regions of the world, the group is herein recognized as a distinct tribe, separate from Odonturini . =Studies focused on resolving the taxonomy of South American short-winged phaneropterines have been scarce. Early descriptions, mostly by Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878 , 1891 ), often included these species within Old World genera of the tribes Barbitistini or Odonturini , followed by sporadic descriptions of species and genera (e.g., Hebard 1924 , Rehn 1945 , 1955 ). The work of Karabag (1960) marked the beginning of an approach that distinguished South American taxa from Old World ones, through his clarification of Isophya and the description of Anisophya , which included a few species. However, the lack of clearly defined taxonomic boundaries, the inclusion of South American species in superficially similar foreign genera, poor original descriptions, and the absence of illustrations made the study of this group nearly impossible. This highlights the significant impact of the Orthoptera Species File ( Cigliano et al. 2025 and ongoing), which has provided open access to images of type specimens, references, and taxonomic tools, democratizing essential knowledge that was once accessible only to those able to visit European and North American collections. Recently, Braun (2010 , 2011 ) transferred the remaining South American Isophya species to Anisophya , reallocated species from Dichopetala to Cohnia , and revitalized the description of new taxa after decades of inactivity, ultimately completing the distinction between South American short-winged katydids and those from the Old World and North America. The contributions by Braun (2010 , 2011 ), along with those of Buzzetti et al. (2010a) , marked a turning point in the study of the so-called “South American Odonturini ”, paving the way for further taxonomic work, often accompanied by acoustic data ( Nickle 2011 ; Deloya & Braun 2023; Fianco 2023 , Fianco & Melo 2025 , Fianco et al. 2019 ). Most recently, Battiston & Fontana (2024) described a new genus in this group, marking a rare event not seen in at least six decades.