Bioacoustics of Xim

Diagnosis Xim gen. nov. is sister to a clade including Ceratinopsis Emerton, 1882 , Tutaibo Chamberlin, 1916 and Sphecozone O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 . Xim gen. nov. shares with each of these three genera a subtegulum ectal to the tegulum ( Figs 2C, F , 3A ), a membranous connection between radix and embolus ( Fig. 2B ), embolus originated from radix at a distinct angle ( Figs 2B, E , H–I, 3B), a short, entire epigynum ( Fig. 5 A–B, G), fertilization duct separated from copulatory duct ( Fig. 5H ), and copulatory openings at the dorsal plate-ventral plate junction ( Fig. 5 A–B). Additionally, Xim gen. nov. shares with Ceratinopsis and Tutaibo an intersegmental, straight-hook paracymbium ( Fig. 2C, F ), a tegulum with papillae ( Fig. 2 B–C, E–F, H), a spiral radical tailpiece ( Figs 2 A–B, D–E, 3B) and a radical ridge ( Figs 2E , H–I, 3B). Xim gen. nov. differs from each of those three genera by having a high cymbium ( Figs 1B , 2A , C–D, F), a large paracymbium ( Figs 2 A–F, 3A), a very short straight embolus ( Figs 2B, E , H–I, 3B), male cheliceral stridulatory striae scaly, widely and evenly spaced, both sexes with a post-ocular lobe ( Fig. 1B, E ), male with two series of prolateral macrosetae on femur I ( Figs 1 A–B, 4A–G), and the female by having strongly oblong, u-shaped spermathecae ( Fig. 5 C–H). Furthermore, Xim gen. nov. differs from Ceratinopsis by lacking trichobothria on the prolateral side of palpal tibia, by having a retrolateral tibial apophysis ( Fig. 2C, F ) and the dorsal plate of epigynum with an anterior lobe flush with the ventral plate ( Fig. 5 A–B, G); from Tutaibo by lacking a cymbial basal excavation and a tegular sclerite on the anterior part of the tegulum, by having a cymbium retrolateral groove ( Fig. 2C , F–H), an embolic membrane ( Figs 2E , H–I, 3B), copulatory ducts not encapsulated ( Fig. 5 C–F, H) and male lacking a proximal dorsal macroseta on the tibiae I and II; from Sphecozone by having a paracymbium ( Figs 2 A–F, 3A), a cymbial retrolateral groove ( Fig. 2C , F–H), by lacking a cymbial basal excavation, and by lacking an epigynal atrium.

Phylogenetic relationships and justification of monotypy Our phylogenetic analysis yielded eight equally most parsimonious trees (L 1096, CI 0.19, RI 0.58; excluding uninformative characters 104 and 155: L 1094). The topology of the strict consensus of these trees (L 1099, CI 0.19, RI 0.58) is identical to the consensus tree of Frick et al. (2010) , except that here (and in each of the eight most parsimonious trees) Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. is sister to a clade that includes Ceratinopsis , Tutaibo and Sphecozone ( Figs 6–7 ), corresponding to clades 76 of Miller & Hormiga (2004) and 62 of Frick et al. (2010) . Circumscribing Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. within a polytypic genus would require synonymization of these three genera. Nevertheless, Miller & Hormiga (2004: 402) stated that the monophyly of Sphecozone and Tutaibo are not in doubt and are clearly diagnosable. The phylogenetic analysis supports, with nine unambiguous characters, the hypothesis that Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. is not congeneric with the genera included in clade 76 of Miller & Hormiga (2004) , making necessary a new genus for this species. The nine unambiguous characters of Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. are: cymbium as tall as long (9-1); sperm duct path in distal part of tegulum with thigh kink (23-1), embolus short (43-1), initial orientation of PTA perpendicular (68-0), RTA present (70-1), male with a post-ocular, conical lobe (103-1), cheliceral stridulatory striae scaly (117-1), female palpal tarsus without proximal dorsomesal macrosetae (127-0), female palpal tarsus with one ventroectal macrosetae (132-1).