Bioacoustics of Wolongia

Diagnosis. The genus Wolongia is closely related to Nanometa Simon, 1908 ; but it can be differentiated from the latter by the following combination of characters: 1) absence of denticles between two cheliceral fang furrows in Wolongia , but present in Nanometa ( Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga 2011: fig. 88D ); 2) some portion of the genital bulb concealed in cymbium in retrolateral view against the separated bulb from cymbium in Nanometa ( Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga 2011: fig. 90D ); 3) copulatory duct tubular in Wolongia ( Wan & Peng 2013: figs 6F, 10C, 12C, 14D, 18F, 22B, 26C, 28D, 32E, 34C; Present study: Fig, 3E ) but as a modified sac in Nanometa ( Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga 2011: fig. 74B ). Wolongia also similar to Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 in habitus and coloration, but differs from the latter by: 1) cymbium with an ectomedian and ectobasal process ( Wan & Peng 2013: figs 5A–C, 9A–C, 17A–C, 21A–C, 25A–C, 31A–C, 33A–C; Present study: Fig, 3B,C ) versus absent in Okileucauge ; 2) embolic base exposed in Wolongia ( Wan & Peng 2013: figs 5A, 9A, 17A, 21A, 25A, 31A, 33A; Present study: Fig, 3B ) which is hidden in conductor in Okileucauge ( Zhu et al . 2003 : fig. 155D); 3) female palpal tibia without long trichobothria while present in O kileucauge ( Zhu et al . 2003 : fig. 158C); 4) fertilization duct slightly curved ( Wan & Peng 2013: figs 6F, 10C, 12C, 14D, 18F, 22B, 26C, 28D, 32E, 34C; Present study: Fig. 3E ) against heavily coiled and sac-shaped FD in Okileucauge . Type species, Wolongia guoi Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 , by original designation. Composition. Wolongia bicruris Wan & Peng, 2013 ( Gaoligong Mountains , Yunnan Province , China ) ; W. bimacroseta Wan & Peng, 2013 ( Gaoligong Mountains , China ) ; W. erromera Wan & Peng, 2013 ( Gaoligong Mountains , China ) ; W. foliacea Wan & Peng, 2013 ( Gaoligong Mountains , China ) ; W.guoi Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 ( Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces, China ) ; W. mutica Wan & Peng, 2013 ( Gaoligong Mountains , China ) ; W. odontodes Zhao, Yin & Peng, 2009 ( Gaoligong Mountains , China ) ; W. renaria Wan & Peng, 2013 ( Gaoligong Mountains , China ) ; W. tetramacroseta Wan & Peng, 2013 ( Gaoligong Mountains , China ) ; and W. wangi Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 ( Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces, China ) .

Diagnosis. The genus Wolongia species can be distinguished from all other tetragnathid genera by the following combination of characters: 1) absence of denticles between two cheliceral fang furrows in both male and female; 2) absence of brush of long trichobothria at base of femur IV; 3) dorsal surface of male coxa IV with rows of cusps, book lung with a stridulatory file (absent in female); 4) cymbium with an ectomedian process and an ectobasal process (CEMP and CEBP in Fig. 5 C); 5) at least one third portion of genital bulb hidden in cymbium in retrolateral view ( Fig. 5 B); 6) embolic base exposed ( Fig. 5 A); 7) female palpal tibia without long trichobothria; 8) fertilization duct simple and slightly curved; 9) copulatory duct simple, with few switchbacks. This genus is very similar to Nanometa simon, 1908 in male palp, stridulatory organs, but differs in: 1) absence of denticles between two cheliceral fang furrows versus present in Nanometa (Álvarez-Padilla and Hormiga 2011: Fig. 88D); 2) at least one third of genital bulb hidden in cymbium in retrolateral view versus obviously separated from cymbium in Nanometa (Álvarez-Padilla and Hormiga 2011: Fig. 90D); 3) copulatory duct tubular versus modified as sac in Nanometa (Álvarez-Padilla and Hormiga: Fig. 74B). This genus also resembles Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 in habitus and coloration, but can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) cymbium with an ectomedian process which is absent in Okileucauge ; 2) embolic base exposed while hidden in conductor in Okileucauge (Zhu et al . 2003: fig. 155D); 3) female palpal tibia without long trichobothria which are present in Okileucauge (Zhu et al . 2003: fig. 158C); 4) fertilization duct slightly curved versus heavily coiled and sac-shaped (Zhu et al . 2003: fig. 283E).

Description. Both eye rows recurved, posterior eye row slightly wider. Anterior and posterior lateral eyes touching. Eyes without canoe tapetum (Peng et al. 2009). Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 or 5 retromarginal teeth. Labium wider than long. Femur without trichobothria. Most patella with two dorsal macrosetae (one curved, the other straight). Tibia with one or two dorsal macrosetae. Prolateral surface of metatarsus I and II with one row of regular longer straight setae, which are stronger and thicker in W. guoi and W. wangi ( Figs 2 A–I, 33E). Leg formula: I, II, IV, III. Abdomen oval, widest medially. Dorsum silvery white or yellowish, with a wider longitudinal median stripe. Male: coxa IV dorsal surface with rows of cusps; book lung with a stridulatory file; palp with small paracymbium (P in Fig. 5 B); cymbium with an ectomedian process and an ectobasal process; subtegulum not exposed and situated on the dorsal side of tegulum; ventral surface of center of conductor smooth; embolus coiled and its base exposed. Female: epigynum weakly sclerotized and its posterior margin slightly convex; spermatheca sclerotized or membranous; fertilization duct slightly curved; copulatory duct with few switchbacks.