Bioacoustics of Turanogryllus pandajhirensis

Description: Head. Head globose, shining black above, occiput without any yellow lines ( Fig. 5A ). Eyes large and globular ( Fig. 5C & D ). Face pale yellow, longer than wide in frontal view ( Fig. 7C ). Median ocellus oval ( Fig. 7C ). Fastigium is slightly curved in the dorsal view and is 2 times wider than scape. Maxillary palpi long, pale yellow ( Fig. 6F ); 3 rd and 4 th segment subequal; 5 th segment longest, obliquely truncated from one-third of length. Pronotum . Pronotum black mottled with chestnut brown; narrowing anteriorly, anterior margin slightly concave ( Fig. 5C ), posterior margin straight LL pale yellow, lateral margin straight ( Fig. 5D ). Legs. TI with oval tympanum present on both sides; outer tympanum much larger than inner. TI with 3 unequal apical spurs. TII with 4 apical spurs. TIII not serrulated; with 6 outer and 5 inner sub-apical spurs and 3 pairs of apical spurs. Basitarsomeres III higher than wide, furrowed dorsally; with two rows of strong dorsal spines, getting stronger toward apex. Males. FWs either slightly shorter than abdomen or slightly extending beyond abdomen; mirror almost twice wider than longer, divided by a curve vein anterior and posterior angle obtuse; harp traversed by 4 oblique veins, diagonal vein curved ( Fig. 5G ). Chord veins well separated; stridulatory file with approximately 220 teeth ( Fig. 10A ), apical field variable. Lateral field whitish, with 7–8 longitudinal veins. HWs when present extended beyond the abdomen ( Fig. 7A ). Genitalia. Supra-anal plate yellowish-brown ( Fig. 5H ), almost as wide as long, narrowing posteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate deeply notched posteriorly upto one-third of length ( Fig. 5E ), as long as high in lateral view ( Fig. 5F ). Genitalic parts are heavily sclerotized. Pseudepiphallus with a very short median lobe, posterior end of lateral lobes bear stout styli, converging towards each other in dorsal view, in lateral view styli directed upwardly; inner side of lateral lobes and styli bears long setae. Anterior margin of pseudepiphallus convex. Pseudepiphallic apodeme distinctly long. Pseudepiphallic paramere divided apically into long and short processes, in lateral view long processes is slightly longer than styli, with broad apical end and bears a small projection directed dorsally; short process inner lobe with denticulated apical ends, meeting each other; outer lobe longer and minutely serrated. Ectophallic fold thick and sclerotized not reaching the posterior margin of pseudeiphallic epiphallus. Ectophallic apodeme long and very high in lateral view ( Fig. 8B ). Endophallic cavity distinct. Rami bifid on posterior end, bend on mid length. Female. Head, pronotum and legs as in males. FW separated and very short, limited up to the first abdominal segment ( Fig. 6C ), dorsal field blackish brown with 5 longitudinal veins ( Fig. 6C ); lateral field light brown with 4 longitudinal veins ( Fig. 6F ). G enitalia . Subgenital plate elongate, posterior margin deeply notched ( Fig. 6G ). Copulatory papilla strongly sclerotized compared to T . pakistanus .