Bioacoustics of Tafalisca vestigialis

DESCRIPTION Large size; general coloration reddish; body almost entirely covered by small brown bristles. General morphology Head. Occiput and vertex reddish, almost uniform, covered by small bristles ( Fig. 14A, C ). Frons reddish brown ( Fig. 14C ); fastigium longer than wide, covered by small bristles ( Fig. 14A, C ). Three ocelli, the median elliptical, very reduced, smaller than lateral ones; lateral ocelli rounded ( Fig. 14B, C ). Antennal scape longer than wide in frontal view, with bristles on the inner face in frontal view, light brown; pedicel and antennomeres medium brown ( Fig. 14C ). Gena light brown in frontal and lateral views ( Fig. 14B, C ). Mandibles light yellow, apex dark brown almost black ( Fig. 14B, C ). Clypeus medium to light brown, lower margin whitish; labrum whitish ( Fig. 14C ). Maxillary palpi pubescent, articles 3-5 elongated, articles 4 and 5 almost same-sized; articles 3-5 medium brown; apex of article 5 unpigmented ( Fig. 14B, C ). Pronotum. DD wider than long, pubescent, reddish; with one median elliptical macula yellowish on cephalic margin; caudal margin medium to dark brown. DD cephalic margin slightly concave, caudal margin slightly convex; LL ventro-cephalic angle rounded, ventro-caudal angle gradually ascendant ( Fig. 14A, B ). Legs. Legs I and II pubescent. FI and FII reddish-brown; TI and TII dark brown. TI with two ventral apical spurs samesized, one dorsal spur smaller, tympana absent. TII with two ventral spurs same-sized and two dorsal spurs, inner spur smaller. FIII slightly pubescent, reddish, darker apically;TIII dark brown ( Fig. 14A, B ). TIII subapical spurs 5/4 with a spine between them, two spines above the first subapical spur; apical spurs 3/3, longer on inner face; inner spurs: dorsal longest (iad), median slightly shorter (iam), ventral smaller (iav) (iad>iam>iav); outer apical spurs: median longest (oam), dorsal slightly shorter (oad), ventral smaller (oav) (oam>oad>oav). Basitarsus dark brown, with three outer spines in line, apical longest, one inner apical spine. Abdomen. Tergites slightly pubescent, without longitudinal band, light brown. Sternites yellowish brown. Cerci pilose, medium to dark brown; with dark brown setae. Supra anal plate slightly pubescent, medium brown; posterior margin rounded ( Fig. 14F ). Male Metanotum without projections, antero-lateral regions inflated, medio-posterior region somewhat elevated, central region with bristles, lighter than pronotum DD ( Fig. 14E ). FWs long, covering entire abdomen, medium brown, slightly translucid; left and right FWs with same color and texture; FWs dorsal field bearing a vestigial stridulatory file bearing c. 70 very reduced teeth ( Fig. 14D , arrow); apparently without other veins modified to sound production; with c. 7 diagonal and parallel veins, yellow; reticulated veins between parallel veins; lateral field with ten diagonal and parallel veins light yellow ( Fig. 14D ). Hindwing apex surpassing FWs apex in dorsal view. Subgenital plate pubescent, anterior margin concave, posterior margin rounded, yellowish-brown ( Fig. 14G ). Male genitalia ( Figs 15 A-C; 16A-C) Pseudepiphallus: pseudepiphallic sclerite upcurved in lateral view; divided in two lobes: MLophi and LLophi. MLophi thin, bilobate, elongated, not surpassing LLophi apex in dorsal view, almost straight in dorsal view; LLophi external to MLophi in dorsal view; thin, elongated, curved inwards in dorsal view; apex not curved; MLophi and LLophi sharing a membrane between them. PsP shorter than pseudepiphallic sclerite, curved inwards in ventral view, almost straight in lateral view; distal half wider than proximal half; R elongated, posterior apex close to pseudepiphallic sclerite. Ectophallic invagination: EctAp longer than T. duckeana n. sp. , straight, oblique in dorsal and ventral views, flattened dorso-ventrally; ectophallic arc not complete medially; ventral projections of ectophallic invagination longer than T. duckeana n. sp. ; EctF sclerotized, “U” shaped in ventral view. Endophallus: EndSc as long as wide, shorter than EctAp; with two lateral-posterior projections; endophallic apodeme short. Female Unknown. Measurements (mm) Male holotype : Hw, 5.7; iod, 2.55; Lpron, 4.8; awpron, 5.7; pwpron, 7.35; wpron, 6.6; LFW, 23.1; wFW, 7.5; LHW, 25.05; LFIII, 14.55; wFIII, 5.85; LTIII, 11.1; Ltars1 - III, 1.65.