Bioacoustics of Tafalisca duckeana

DESCRIPTION General morphology Body. Medium to large size; general coloration reddish-brown; body almost entirely covered by small yellowish bristles, except FWs and hindwings. Head. Occiput and vertex covered by small bristles, reddishbrown, almost uniform ( Fig. 11A, C ). Frons pubescent, light brown ( Figs 11A, C ; 4A, C ); fastigium longer than wide, covered by small bristles, lighter than vertex ( Fig. 11A, C ). Three ocelli, the median elliptical, very reduced, smaller than lateral ones; lateral ocelli rounded ( Figs 11B, C ; 4B, C ). Antennal scape longer than wide in frontal view, few bristles on the inner face in frontal view, yellowish; pedicel same color as the scape; antennomeres light to medium yellow ( Fig. 11C ). Gena pale light brown in frontal and lateral views. Mandibles light brown, apex dark brown almost black ( Fig. 11C ). Clypeus light brown, whitish laterally; labrum whitish ( Fig. 11C ). Maxillary palpi pubescent, articles 3-5 elongated almost same-sized; article 3 light brown, articles 4 and 5 medium to dark brown; apex of article 5 unpigmented ( Fig. 11B, C ). Pronotum. DD wider than long, pubescent, reddish-brown; with two median elliptical maculae yellowish (one specimen medium brown); caudal margin medium to dark brown. DD cephalic margin slightly concave, and caudal margin slightly convex; LL ventro-cephalic angle rounded, ventrocaudal angle gradually ascendant ( Fig. 11A, B, J ). Legs. Legs I and II pubescent, with a small, rounded and unpigmented protuberance on apical region of dorsal face of TI and TII, this region without bristles (arrows on Fig. 11E ). FI and FII yellow-brown to light brown; TI and TII reddish brown. TI with two ventral apical spurs same-sized, one dorsal spur smaller, tympana absent. TII with two ventral spurs same-sized and two dorsal spurs, inner spur smaller or absent. FIII slightly pubescent, reddish-brown, darker apically; TIII dark brown ( Fig. 11E, F ).TIII subapical spurs 5/4 with a spine between them, two spines above the first subapical spur; apical spurs 3/3, longer on inner face; inner spurs: dorsal longest (iad), median slightly shorter (iam), ventral smaller (iav) (iad>iam>iav) ( Fig. 11F, G ); outer apical spurs: median longest (oam), dorsal slightly shorter (oad), ventral smaller (oav) (oam>oad>oav) ( Fig. 11F, G ). Basitarsus dark brown, with three outer spines in line, apical longest, one inner apical spine. Abdomen. Tergites slightly pubescent, light brown, without longitudinal band. Sternites yellowish brown. Cerci pilose, light brown; with dark brown setae. Supra anal plate pubescent, medium to dark brown; posterior margin rounded ( Fig. 11H, K ). Male Metanotum without projections, antero-lateral regions inflated, medio-posterior region somewhat elevated, lighter than pronotum DD ( Fig. 11D ). FWs long, covering entire abdomen, medium brown, slightly translucid; left and right FWs with same color and texture; FW dorsal field without stridulatory apparatus; eight longitudinal and parallel veins light yellow; reticulated veins between parallel veins; lateral field with ten diagonal and parallel veins light yellow; ( Fig. 11A, B ). Hindwing apex surpassing FW apex. Subgenital plate pubescent, anterior margin concave, posterior margin rounded, yellowish-brown ( Fig. 11I ). Male genitalia ( Figs 12 A-C; 13) Pseudepiphallus: pseudepiphallic sclerite upcurved in lateral view, divided into two lobes: MLophi and LLophi. MLophi thin, bilobate, curved outwards, somewhat short, not surpassing LLophi in dorsal view; LLophi thin, elongated, curved inwards in dorsal view; apex curved inwards forming an angle less than 90°; MLophi and LLophi sharing a membrane between them. PsP as long as pseudepiphallic sclerite, curved inwards in ventral view, upcurved in lateral view; distal 2/3 thin, proximal 1/3 larger; proximal apex twisted; R short connected to pseudepiphallic sclerite by membranes. Ectophallic invagination: EctAp short, curved outwards in dorsal and ventral views, flattened dorso-ventrally; ectophallic arc not complete medially; ventral projections of ectophallic invagination very short; EctF slightly sclerotized, “U” shaped in ventral view. Endophallus: EndSc longer than wide, shorter than EctAp; with two lateralposterior projections; endophallic apodeme short. Female Body slightly larger than male, general color darker than male ( Fig. 11J ). FWs covering entire abdomen, not surpassing hindwings apex, slightly translucent, medium brown; apical field with parallel and longitudinal veins; veins thinner than males FW veins; light yellow ( Fig. 11J ). Supra anal plate pubescent, wider than long, distal margin rounded ( Fig. 11K ). Subgenital plate pubescent, anterior margin convex, posterior margin concave, yellowish-brown ( Fig. 11L ). Ovipositor elongated, flattened dorso-ventrally, yellowish; apex of ovipositor with two small protuberances and slightly serrulated laterally; medium to dark brown ( Fig. 11K, L ). A B D C F G E Female genitalia ( Fig. 12 D-F) Copulatory papilla constricted medially in dorsal and ventral views; distal third thinner than proximal portion in lateral view; grooved ventrally; posterior margin slightly invaginated like “w” form. Measurements (mm) Male (n = 2, holotype and paratype ): HW, 4.35 ± 0.21 (4.2- 4.5); IOD, 2.05 ± 0.07 (2-2.1); PL, 4.05 ± 0.07 (4-4.1); PW, 4.9 ± 0.42 (4.6-5.2); FWL, 18.82 ± 0.31 (18.6-19.05); FWW, 5.25 ± 0.35 (5-5.5); HWL, 21.45 ± 0.63 (21-21.9); LFIII, 13.95 ± 0.42 (13.65-14.25); WFIII, 4.35; LTIII, 12.45 ± 0.42 (12.15-12.75); LBtarsIII, 1.72 ± 0.1 (1.65-1.8). Female allotype : HW, 5; IOD, 2.35; PL, 4.8; PW, 5.9; FWL, 23.4; FWW, 6; HWL, 24.9; LFIII, 15.45; WFIII, 5.5, LTIII, 15.45; LBtarsIII, 1.8; OL, 14.25.