Bioacoustics of Scytocera (Scytocera) musa

Description. Habitus as shown in Fig. 11 . Fastigium verticis compressed laterally, in dorsal view conical with fine longitudinal groove, apex acute, not surpassing scapus ( Figs 12A, 12C, 12D ). Frons faintly punctuated ( Fig. 12C ). Eyes dorsally and laterally rounded ( Fig. 12 ). Pronotum wrinkled, disc broadly rounded into paranota, apical area transversely rectangular and faintly shouldered; anterior transverse sulcus at median straight, posterior transverse sulcus faint, faintly curved; anterior margin truncated, but in middle faintly concave; posterior margin truncated ( Figs 12A, 12D ). Paranota with ventral margin strongly sinuous, posterior margin straight, nearly at right angle to ventral margin ( Figs 12B, 12E ). Acoustic spiracle large nearly completely covered by paranota ( Fig. 12B ). Tegmen fully developed, but not reaching apex of abdomen ( Fig. 11B ), mirror area not covered by pronotal disc ( Fig. 12A ), with apex obliquely rounded; hind wing present, but covered by tegmen and not surpassing tegmen ( Fig. 11 ). Prosternum without processes. Mesosternal lobes conical with acute apices; metasternal lobes broadly rounded ( Fig. 12C ). Both tympana on anterior tibia slightly swollen with narrow slit ( Fig. 12C ). Anterior coxa with spine long and straight ( Figs 12B, 12E ). Femora with the following number of spines on ventral margins: anterior femur 5 external, 3 internal; middle femur 5 external, 0 internal; posterior femur 8–9 external, 0 internal. Knee lobes of anterior and middle femora obtuse externally and spinose internally; knee of posterior femur bispinose on both sides, longer than those of anterior and middle femora. Tibiae with the following number of spines on ventral margins: anterior tibia 6 external, 6 internal; middle tibia 8–9 external, 3 internal. Male ( Figs 13 , 14 ). 1A on left tegmen swollen and straight ( Fig. 13A ). Mirror on left tegmen trapezoid, circa 1.1 times longer than wide ( Fig. 13A ). Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen straight; about 1.6 mm long; with about 160 teeth fairly regularly spaced throughout ( Fig. 13C ). Mirror on right tegmen cup-shaped, inverted and elongated semi-circular ( Fig. 13B ). Tenth abdominal tergite enlarged, in dorsal view with posterior margin at middle strongly and transversely emarginated and truncated, in lateral view broadly curved ( Figs 13D, 13E ). Epiproct very large and highly specialized: produced into elongated process well surpassing cercus and subgenital plate; basal third broad, then narrow into narrow long shaft before at apical third curved ventrad into apical process; middle third strongly setose along lateral surfaces, at middle narrowed; apical third in lateral view sinuous, narrowest before forked into two process; this apical process laterally compressed with apex rounded, in lateral view banana-shaped ( Figs 13D–F ). Cercus relatively simple, laterally compressed; basal half broader, at middle strongly curved (nearly at right angle) inwardly, apical half narrowed with rounded apex ( Figs 13D–G ). Subgenital plate large, in ventral view rectangular, with lateral margins barely narrow apically, posterior margin strongly deeply and roundly emarginated to base of apical third ( Fig. 13G ); in lateral view at middle strongly curved dorsad ( Fig. 13E ); at apex forming two lateral compressed process that curved dorsad and reaching middle of epiproct; process at apex tongue-shaped with inner part strongly sclerotized with some denticulation ( Figs 13D–G ). Titillators elongated and rod-shaped, narrowly separated or partly fused by membranes except at apical end; apical end curved, compressed; apex in lateral view rounded, in dorsal view truncated and emarginated at middle ( Fig. 14 ). Lateral sclerites present, more weakly sclerotized, irregularly shaped ( Fig. 14 ). Female ( Fig. 15 ). Tenth abdominal tergite transverse, narrow posteriorly, posterior margin at middle truncated, with two lateral apical processes elongated and tapering into subacute ( Fig. 15A ), this apical process dorso-ventrally compressed ( Fig. 15B ). Epiproct tongue-shaped ( Fig. 15A ). Cerci cylindrical, expect apical third dorso-ventrally flattened and tapering into acute apex ( Figs 15A, 15B ). Subgenital plate large, wider than long, at posterior end roundly emarginated, with two lateral processes elongated and tapering into acute apex ( Figs 15C, 15D ) and in lateral view curved dorsad ( Fig. 15B ). Ovipositor long sabre-shaped; margins smooth ( Fig. 15B ). Coloration. Body yellow to brown ( Fig. 11 ). Head dorsum at middle with longitudinal black, longitudinal groove on fastigium yellow brown ( Figs 12A, 12D ). Scapus black; pedicel basal half black, apical half brown; antennae brown with tint of black ( Fig. 12 ). Face black ( Fig. 12C ). Maxillary palpi cream colored; mandible black, clypeus dorsal half black, ventral half pink, labrum brown ( Fig. 12C ). Eyes black. Pronotum yellow to brown, with median longitudinal black band somewhat elongated hourglass-shaped; anterior margin at middle with small yellow spot (not always present) ( Figs 12A, 12D ). Tegmen with dorsal field with anal margin black, otherwise having veins yellow brown and cells dark, with sparse black spots ( Figs 12A, 12D ); lateral field mostly with cells black and veins yellow ( Figs 12B, 12E ). Spine on anterior coxa yellow ( Fig. 12B ). Legs generally yellow brown with tint of brown; anterior tibia with dorsal half after tympana and before apex black ( Fig. 11 ); ventral spines with apices black. Abdominal tergite and sternites, including abdominal apex, generally yellow brown. Ovipositor yellow brown at base to red brown at apex ( Fig. 15B ). Measurements (in mm). Table 2 .