Bioacoustics of Scapsipedus icipe

Description . Size large for the genus ( Table 1 ). Head moderately but distinctly widened below the eyes (frontal view, Fig. 1 ); black with a distinct yellow band between the eyes, genae with a yellow ventral line from posterior part of the eye to mandibles and posterior margin of head (side view, Fig. 3 ), occiput with a fine yellow band from the top of the eye to the head posterior margin, with two faint sub-median lines (dorsal view, Fig. 2 ); mandibles brown, palpi yellow with black apex; clypeus dark with a yellow sagittal line and ventral margin; labrum black; eyes of average size. Pronotum slightly larger anteriorly; anterior margin inconspicuously convex, posterior margin inconspicuously concave; disk of pronotum black with inconspicuous transverse light patterns on the middle, with well distinct lateral band on the distal two thirds, these bands are spotted with black (dorsal and side views, Fig. 2, 3 ); lateral lobes with a yellow pattern on the ventral margin (side view, Fig. 3 ). Legs. Fore and midlegs of light color, femora often with black spots on proximal and distal ends, tibiae often infuscate near knees; hind femur brown with dark knee, hind tibia black. Wings. Forewings not reaching the end of abdomen; dark, with a lighter area around harp in males ( Fig. 4, 5 ), near the fold in females ( Fig. 7 ). Male file with ca. 170–190 teeth; teeth density increasing distally ( Fig. 6 ); area with numerous setae distally to the file (ventral view, Fig. 6 ). Hindwings often present. Abdomen black dorsally with yellow spots, yellow ventrally. Male genitalia . Pseudepiphallus with a relatively narrow distal projection, distal projection narrowing regularly at the basis, terminal part blunt-V-shaped (in dorsal view, Fig. 12 ), ventral lobe of pseudepiphallus with setae, relatively acute, rounded apically (side view, Fig. 11 ). Pseudepiphallic parameres without posterior branch, with particularly wide lateral anterior branch, with particularly short median anterior branch hardly reaching the mid length of the lateral branch (ventral view, Fig. 10 ). Ovipositor much longer than hind femur, moderately curved ( Fig. 7–9 ). Body Head Head IO Thx Thx T 1 F 1 T 2 F 2 T 3 F 3 Fw OVP L L w w L w L L L L L L L L ♂ Holotype 25.2 3.8 5.8 3.3 3.9 5.5 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.7 9.2 11.8 11.9 - Average 24.0 3.3 6.2 3.3 4.2 5.8 5.0 4.9 5.2 5.0 9.6 12.5 11.8 - Min 22.9 2.7 5.8 3.1 3.9 5.5 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.7 9.2 11.8 11.5 - Max 25.2 3.8 6.8 3.5 4.6 6.0 5.2 5.0 5.8 5.4 9.9 13.1 12.1 - ♀ Allotype 23.0 2.8 4.9 2.9 4.2 5.8 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.2 10.2 13.5 12.4 17.9 Average 22.9 3.0 5.1 2.9 4.1 5.7 4.4 4.7 5.1 4.9 9.7 13.0 11.5 17.4 Min 21.3 2.8 4.9 2.8 4.0 5.4 4.2 4.5 4.9 4.6 9.1 12.7 10.6 16.6 Max 24.5 3.2 5.2 3.1 4.2 5.8 4.7 4.8 5.4 5.2 10.2 13.5 12.4 17.9 All values are in mm. F: femur; FW: forewing; IOW: inter ocular width; L: length; Ovp: ovipositor; T: thorax; W: width. Acoustic behavior ( Figures 13–14 ). The call of S. icipe n. sp. ( Fig. 13 ) is made up of more or less regularly repeated sentences containing five syllables, the first syllable having a lower amplitude than the four others. At 28±1°C, 50 ± 8% RH and photoperiod of L12: D12, sentences are repeated every 2.70 ± 0.51 s (min: 2.04; max: 4.19 s ; 4 specimens ), these last 356 ± 116 ms (min: 228 ms; max: 704 ms; 4 specimens ), the frequency peaks at 5.77 ± 0.04 kHz (min: 5.69; max: 5.84; 4 specimens ). The courtship song of S. icipe n. sp. ( Fig. 14 ) consists of irregularly repeated sequences, usually containing repeated pairs of syllables; the frequency peaks at similar frequency as the call. Molecular data. No sequences of Scapsipedus spp were available in databases. The percentage identities obtained from GenBank for the samples to the closest linking relative was 90% to Gryllus bimaculatus isolate 0 88 (MF046161.1) with query coverage of Ž 99%. Scapsipedus icipe sequences have been deposited in Genbank (Accession number MH923437 - MH923446 ).