Bioacoustics of Scaphura curitibana

Description: Holotype male: Medium-sized ( 16.6 mm ) species, predominantly reddish-orange, with lighter orange tones on the appendages and irregular black patches on all body segments. Macropterous and non-mimetic ( Fig. 4A , 5A, D ). Head: Fastigium of vertex triangular, not prominent, apex truncate, not fused with fastigium of frons. Fastigium of frons triangular, not prominent, apex truncate. Ocellus pale yellow, at center of fastigium of frons. Head with bluish-black metallic coloration on vertex and genae, with an irregular black patch on frons; remaining areas reddish-orange, rust-like. Eyes small, rounded, less than one-third the size of head, uniformly cream-colored ( Fig. 4B, C, D ). Antennae filiform, bearing short dark setae along entire length; scape reddish-orange, rust-like, darkened apically; pedicel black; flagellomeres dark at base, gradually becoming increasingly brown toward apex ( Fig. 4A, B, D ). Thorax: Pronotum: Bicolored saddle-shaped, with two rust-red stripes along the lateral margins of pronotal disc, extending to anterior margin and continuing around edges, forming a continuous rust-colored band along the lateral lobes. Pronotal disc concave; anterior and posterior margins convex. Lateral carinae not prominent. Lateral lobes longer than wide; anterior margin straight, posterior margin convex, inferior margin convex and irregular ( Fig. 4C, D ). Tegmina: Pale orange, with reddish venation forming a complex reticulate pattern between M vein and the costal margin ( Fig. 4A , 5A, D ). Area between veins M and R + RA with dark pigmentation surrounding main veins, producing an irregular black-streaked pattern. Region below CuA with an elongated, irregular black patch. Extending beyond abdominal apex, shorter than hind wings; apex rounded; costal and anal margins not parallel, costal margin convex. ScP vein long, nearly reaching tegminal apex; R vein following ScP along its entire length; RP leaving R well beyond middle of tegmen and branching after two-thirds of its length; RA branching near apex; M vein almost straight, not directed toward anal margin, with few minor branches and several short connections to CuA ( Fig. 5A ). Stridulatory area trapezoidal, about one-third of tegmen length, with a streaked pattern of light orange and black pigmentation ( Fig. 5B, C ). Hind wings: Exceeding tegminal apex; translucent, pale orange in general coloration, with a distinct black band along outer margin ( Fig. 5D ). Mesobasisternum: triangular, with slightly concave anterior margin; lateral lobes oval, meeting along the midline ( Fig. 4E ). Metabasisternum: triangular, with straight anterior margin; lateral lobes oval, also meeting along midline ( Fig. 4E ). Legs: Forelegs: coxae and trochanters orange; femora dark bluish-black with a faint metallic sheen, bearing irregular orange markings on inner face; tibiae dark bluish-black with a slightly orange median area; tarsi dark bluish-black ( Fig. 4A, F ). Midlegs: predominantly orange, but posterior surface of the femora, outer face of the tibiae, and tarsi dark bluish-black ( Fig. 4A ). Hindlegs: coxae and trochanters orange; anterior half of the femora orange, posterior half dark bluish-black, separated by a small irregular white spot; inner face of the tibiae orange, outer face dark bluish-black; tarsi dark bluish-black ( Fig. 4A ). Abdomen: Abdominal tergites dark bluish-metallic over most of their length. abdominal sternites orange. Posterior margins of tergites pale yellow. Tergite X with a few short yellowish setae along the posterior margin ( Fig. 4G, H. I ). Terminalia: Cerci curved, of uniform thickness, bearing few yellowish setae and with a rounded apex ( Fig. 4G, H. I ). Female: General structure and coloration similar to the male, except for the abdomen, which has entirely dark bluish-metallic tergites and orange sternites ( Fig. 6A ). Tergite X with a sinuous posterior margin, lacking setae. Terminalia: Ovipositor long and orange, slightly darkened toward the apex, gently curved upward with a wide opening angle, exceeding 115 degrees, bearing spiniform crenulations along both the upper and lower apical margins, and covered with small spiniform projections on the apical portion of the valves ( Fig. 6B, C ).