Bioacoustics of Proutista

Description. Head and thorax. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum, round in lateral view. Vertex triangular, wide basally and narrow apically, somewhat beyond anterior margin of eyes, lateral marginal carinae elevated and disc slightly depressed, without median carina. Frons extremely narrow, with lateral marginal carinae contiguous almost throughout (sometimes separated). Clypeus triangular, longer than frons in length, with two longitudinal lateral carinae and a stouter median one. Rostrum somewhat stout and short, with apical segment expanded to apex, reaching or slightly exceeding coxae of hind legs. Eyes developed, with ventral margin obviously concave inwards, anterior apical angle strongly protruded to near apex of frons; ocelli present. Antennae with pedicelli shorter than frons, with dense sensilla, flagellum terminal, without subantennal processes. Pronotum short at middle, anterior margin convex, and posterior margin concave, lateral parts expand to patagium-like. Mesonotum large and diamondshaped, with a longitudinal median carina and two lateral ones, disc raised apparently. Tegmina elongate, expanded distad, costal margin relatively straight, with sensory pits in basal half, jugal margin protruded; costal veinlets ( hm ) connecting ScP+R (1) and ScP+RA (2) to costal margin; ScP+RA separating from RP about middle of tegmina and significantly distad of CuA forking; RA 2 with two terminal branches; RP with three terminal branches, RP 1 longer and sinuate, RP 2 with two terminal branches; MP with eight (occasionally seven) terminal branches, MP 3+4 forked in single MP 3 and MP 4 , MP 1 aaa forked (occasionally single), five parallel veinlets connect every two branches of MP from MP 3 to MP 1 aaa (not including between branches of MP 1 aaa); CuA forked proximally, more or less at same level as Pcu+ A 1 connecting CuP; CuA 1 and CuA 2 fused near apex to form a common stem and then extending to posterior margin, C5 present. Clavus open, narrow and elongate, expanded apically. Pcu connected with A 1 at basal third of clavus. Wings slightly shorter than half of tegmina and round at apex, ScP+RA separating from RP before middle, MP with two branches, CuA with two branches, CuP, Pcu, and A 1 relatively short and straight, stridulatory plate present with convex outer margin. Metatibiotarsal formula: 4- (4–7)- (5–9). Male genitalia. Anal tube narrow, in dorsal view, subrectangular, with epiproct at middle, in lateral view, convex dorsad near base, dorsolateral margin slightly elevated from basal third to subapical part, slightly inclined ventrad or strongly turned ventrad at apex. Pygofer narrow in profile, sometimes with a medioventral process. Gonostyli narrow and long, sometimes asymmetric, with an internal process near dorsal base, long setae covering its surface, and often a hook-shaped process attaching to its apex. Phallic complex moderately short and stout, asymmetric, with most processes on dorsal side.