Bioacoustics of Prosopogryllacris

Description. Medium sized species. Head: Face ovoid, rather narrow, with scattered impressed dots and shallow transverse furrows; lower area of fastigium verticis finely rugose; clypeo-frontal suture weak, straight; lateral ocelli elongate and very narrow, white; median ocellus large, shining black and thus indistinct, with a narrow light vertical stroke in middle; subocular furrows weak ( Fig. 27K ). Abdominal tergites two and three each with little distinct stridulatory pegs (0, 0–7; 6–7, 8–14; n = 2; Fig. 26O ), in the specimen from Sorinsim clearly visible, in the type indistinct. Wings surpassing hind knees. Tegmen: Radius with RS branching before mid-length, both veins forked near tip; media anterior fused in basal area with radius, it divides behind basal third; media posterior absent; cubitus anterior forks between basal third and mid-length into two veins, CuA1 and CuA2; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 4 anal veins, the last incomplete and with common stem with third anal vein. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of moderately long ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 4–6 external and 0 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one preapical spine; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. Head and pronotum black; palpi yellowish brown; occiput with fine or little wider yellowish strokes, in one specimen ( type ) pronotum with a pair of indistinct lighter strokes; antennae with scapus and pedicellus black, flagellum yellowish brown, little darker towards base. Legs medium brown, femora of all legs with one black band, tibiae with two black bands, in the specimen from Sorinsim more extended than in the type and fore tibiae almost fully black. Tegmen light yellowish brown, veins little darker but in basal area shining; hind wings with light yellowish ochre surface; cross veins brown and bordered on both sides by dark brown bands ( Fig. 27J ). Male unknown. Female. Seventh abdominal sternite wider than long, before hind margin with a little distinct transverse swelling. Subgenital plate wide at base, afterwards with converging lateral margins and subtruncate apical margin ( Fig. 27L ). Ovipositor elongate, moderately curved throughout; with apical widening, before widening dorsal margin slightly narrowed, tip subacute ( Fig. 27M ). Measurements ( 2 females ).—body w/wings: 27–28; body w/o wings: 21–22; pronotum: 4.2–5.0; tegmen: 19– 22; hind femur: 11–12; tegmen width: 6.5–7.5; antenna: 100–130; ovipositor: 14–18 mm . The larger values are from the holotype .

Description. Medium sized species. Head: Face ovoid, rather narrow; nearly smooth with scattered impressed dots and irregular wrinkles; fastigium verticis hardly wider than scapus, ocelli indistinct; fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a strong, straight suture; subocular furrows distinct but shallow ( Fig. 28I ). Abdominal tergites two and three with>3, 6; 6, 10 stridulatory pegs. Wings surpassing hind knees and reaching to about mid length of ovipositor ( Fig. 28H ). Tegmen: Radius with two branches, both forked near tip; media anterior fused in basal area with radius; media posterior absent; cubitus anterior forks before mid-length into two veins, CuA1 and CuA2; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 4 anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with 4 pairs of comparatively short ventral spines and 1 pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 7–9 external and 5 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one preapical spine each; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color uniformly brown with indistinct pattern. Face uniformly brown; only tips of mandibles black; compound eyes whitish. Tegmen yellowish semi-transparent, towards margins paler; veins and veinlets dark to light brown; hind wing semi-transparent white, veins dark to light brown; marginal area suffused with dark brown, the dark color is interrupted by oval light spot in the fields formed by the main veins and the cross veins. Male unknown. Female. Seventh abdominal sternite with a setose, at tip slightly bilobate projection covering base of subgenital plate. Subgenital plate wide at base and with distinctly concave lateral margins; with rather long, obtuse apical lobes, deviating from each other; with a very faint median carina ( Figs. 28 J–K). Base of ovipositor normal. Ovipositor of medium length, distinctly but not strongly curved dorsad, margins slightly and gradually narrowing towards tip; dorsal margin with a slight expansion before tip ( Fig. 28L ). Measurements ( 1 female ).—body w/wings: 28; body w/o wings: 19; pronotum: 5.5; tegmen: 20; tegmen width: 7.5; hind femur: 15; ovipositor: female 13.5 mm .

Description. Medium sized species. Head: Face robust but not particularly large; in frontal view ovoid; forehead nearly smooth, with scattered but rather large impressed dots; fastigium verticis little wider than scapus; median ocellus distinct and large, lateral ocelli small; fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a fine transverse suture ( Figs. 27C ). Abdominal tergites two and three each with two rows of very weak stridulatory pegs (0–1, 4–5; 4–8, 7–12; n = 1 male , 3 females ; Fig. 27I ). Wings reaching or little surpassing tip of hind femur ( Fig. 27 A–B). Tegmen: Radius with two branches, dividing before mid-length of tegmen, both forked near tip; media anterior fused in about basal quarter with radius, afterwards single-branched; media posterior absent; cubitus anterior forks into two veins between end of basal quarter and half-length of tegmen; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 3 anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with small spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with 4 pairs of long ventral spines and 1 pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 6–9 external and 5–12 internal spines on ventral margins, little increasing in size towards posterior end (on external side only in apical half); hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, both ventral margins with a pre-apical spine; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color yellowish brown (body, wings) to reddish (pronotum, legs). Face black; fastigium, median ocellus, basal segments of antennae and labrum pink or dark reddish brown; clypeus along lateral and ventral margins whitish. Tegmen yellowish transparent, veins yellow; hind wing yellowish transparent, only at very base brown, cross veins blackish brown and encircled by oval blackish brown spots. Male. Eighth abdominal tergite prolonged, at least twice as long as preceding tergites. Ninth abdominal tergite curved down and faintly furrowed in midline except in basal area, in apical area forming a pair of strongly swollen semi-globes with rounded apical margin. Below the semi-globes with a pair of narrow projections, that are in basal areas pale, moveable and largely hidden under the semi-globes; in midline between semi-globes curved dorsad and darkened, slightly sinuate and with subacute tip ( Figs. 27 E–F). Subgenital plate rather short; apical margin wide bilobate; with a pair of moderately long, conical styli ( Fig. 27D ). Phallus membranous. Female. Seventh abdominal sternite transverse, strongly setose, hind margin in middle with a roughly semicircular projection to base of subgenital plate. Subgenital plate at base membranous and striated, otherwise about triangular with tip divided into two angular, obtuse lobes ( Figs. 27G ). Ovipositor elongate, regularly curved dorsad, with lateral furrow ending before apical area; subapical area narrowed followed by apical widening of dorsal margin; tip obliquely acute ( Fig. 27H ). Measurements ( 1 male , 4 females ).—body w/wings: male 27, female 24–25; body w/o wings: male 21, female 18–22; pronotum: male 4.5, female 4.5; tegmen: male 19, female 17–19; tegmen width: male 6.8, female 6; hind femur: male 12, female 12–14; antenna: male 90, female 80–120; ovipositor: female 14 mm .