Bioacoustics of Eugryllacris

Description. Medium large species ( Fig. 9D ). Head: Face ovoid; fastigium verticis about twice as wide as scapus; ocelli indistinct; fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a very fine suture; a pair of short, weak furrows, starting at internal angle of the antennal scrobae, outline the fastigium frontis; subocular furrows present ( Fig. 5A ). Abdominal tergite three with with two rows of few minute spaced stridulatory pegs (each row 5). Wings little surpassing hind knees ( Fig. 9D ). Tegmen: Radius with two branches, both forked near tip; media anterior fused in basal area with radius; media posterior absent; cubitus anterior forks before mid-length into two veins, CuA1 and CuA2; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 5 anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with a rather large spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large, on mid tibiae comparatively short, ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 7 external and 3–4 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine each; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color discolored brownish (green when alive); vertex unicolored; disc of pronotum unicolored, hind margin hardly darker. Legs of general color. Face green; eyes red brown; tip of labrum brown; mandibles in basal area and internal side yellowish, towards tip black. Tegmen discolored (probably green) semitransparent with green veins; in apical half of tegmen cells with dark brown flecks; hind wing semi-transparent white to light brownish with brown veins and veinlets; cells with large dark brown spots. Male unknown. Female. Seventh abdominal sternite wider than long; apical margin in middle with a short conical process that fits in the base of a medial furrow of the subgenital plate. Subgenital plate at base distinctly wider than preceding sternites; after about basal third strongly constricted but before apex apico-laterally extended into two long cones with subacute tip, apical margin in between concave; central area elevated and with a deep medial furrow from base to apical margin; apical cones pointing latero-dorsad ( Figs. 7 A–B). Base of ovipositor with a flattened protuberance that fits in size the space embraced by a process of the subgenital plate ( Fig. 7A ). Ovipositor upcurved, especially in subbasal area, margins slightly and gradually narrowing towards tip; surface with lateral furrow; with apical widening; tip subacute ( Fig. 9I ). Measurements ( 1 female ).—body w/wings: 36; body w/o wings: 29; pronotum: 6.5; tegmen: 24; tegmen width: 9; hind femur: 17; antenna: 145; ovipositor: 16 mm .

Description. Large species ( Fig. 5K ). Head: Face wide ovoid; fastigium verticis about twice as wide as scapus; ocelli visible, especially median ocellus, but not very striking; fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a very fine suture; a pair of very strong sub-antennal furrows, starting at internal angle of antennal scrobae, separates central area of face from lateral areas and fuse ventrally with clypeo-frontal suture; clypeo-frontal suture interrupted in middle; subocular furrows also very distinct; clypeus with a fine transverse furrow below about basal third ( Fig. 5E ). Abdominal tergites two and three with few minute stridulatory pegs. Wings reaching or little surpassing middle of stretched hind tibiae ( Fig. 5K ). Tegmen: Radius with two branches, both forked near tip; media anterior fused in basal area with radius; media posterior absent; cubitus anterior forks before mid-length into two veins, CuA1 and CuA2; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 5 anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large, on mid tibiae comparatively short, ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 8– 10 external and 5 internal spines on ventral margins. Coloration. General color green when alive; vertex unicolored; disc of pronotum unicolored, hind margin hardly darker. Legs of general color. Face almost unicolored, probably green when alive; clypeo-frontal furrows black connected by a dark brown line. Tegmen semi-transparent with green veins; area behind radius faintly infumate in basal half to two thirds; hind wing semi-transparent with green or brown veins and veinlets; cells with large dark brown spots. Male unknown. Female. Seventh abdominal sternite with apical margin as whole prolonged to cover base of subgenital plate; roughly appearing as a round disc with truncate base ( Figs. 8 E–F). Subgenital plate in about about basal third membranous except for sclerotised margins; with strongly approaching lateral margins; apex subtruncate, faintly concave ( Fig. 8F ). Base of ovipositor with a small sclerite before base of ventral valves. Ovipositor of medium length, distinctly but not strongly curved dorsad, margins slightly and gradually narrowing towards tip; dorsal margin with a slight expansion before tip ( Fig. 9J ). Measurements ( 1 female ).—body w/wings: 53; body w/o wings: 40; pronotum: 8.5; tegmen: 40; tegmen width: 19; hind femur: 19; antenna: 125; ovipositor: 17 mm .

Description. Large species ( Figs. 4 C–D). Head: Face wide ovoid; fastigium verticis distinctly wider than scapus; ocelli distinct; fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a very fine suture; a pair of short, weak furrows, starting at internal angle of antennal scrobae, outline fastigium frontis; subocular furrows fine and of irregular course, weak and restricted to upper part ( Fig. 5G ). Abdominal tergites two and three with very minute, indistinct stridulatory pegs. Wings surpassing hind knees ( Figs. 4 C–D). Tegmen: Radius with two branches, both forked near tip; media anterior fused in basal area with radius; media posterior absent; cubitus anterior forks before mid-length into two veins, CuA1 and CuA2; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 4–5 anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large, on mid tibiae comparatively short, ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 7– 10 external and 3–5 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine each; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color discolored brownish (might have been green when alive, legs with remnants of green); vertex unicolored; disc of pronotum unicolored, hind margin hardly darker. Legs of general color with remnants of green. Face unicolored brownish, maybe green when alive. Tegmen semi-transparent with veins hardly darker in basal half (C, Sc + R green), becoming dark brown towards apex; except along anterior and apical margins with yellowish brown infumation (probably green when alive); hind wing semi-transparent white with black main veins and light green or brown cross-veins. Male. Eighth abdominal tergite prolonged. Ninth abdominal tergite semi-globular: prolonged and down-curved laterally and apically; in descending posterior area furrowed in midline, at end of furrow split and on both sides of split area with an obtuse bump and below both bumps with a long compressed projection pointing mediad; projections of both sides overlapping ( Figs. 6 C–D). Epiproct and paraproctes distinct. Subgenital plate about twice as wide as long; lateral margins straight, little converging; apical margin wide, roughly bi-triangular with lobes and medial excision obtuse; slightly curved styli inserted laterally at the apical angles ( Fig. 6C ). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite elongate triangular with convex lateral margins and a deep medial furrow; at tip prolonged into a long, upcurved, membranous process covering part of subgenital plate ( Figs. 8 C–D). Subgenital plate with converging, slightly concave lateral margins; apical margin in middle concave, on both sides obtuse angular; in basal half with a rather small membranous groove, in apical half slightly furrowed in midline ( Fig. 8D ). Base of ovipositor with a small sclerotised bump between subgenital plate and very base of ovipositor. Ovipositor of medium length, distinctly but not strongly curved dorsad, margins slightly and gradually narrowing towards tip; dorsal margin with a slight expansion before tip ( Fig. 9G ). Measurements ( 1 male , 2 females ).—body w/wings: male 44, female 48–50; body w/o wings: male 31, female 38–40; pronotum: male 8.5, female 8.5; tegmen: male 33, female 34–35; tegmen width: female 12.5; hind femur: male 20.5, female 20–21; antenna: female 150; ovipositor: female 23 mm .

Description. Large species ( Figs. 4 A–B). Head: Face ovoid; fastigium verticis distinctly wider than scapus; ocelli distinct, of light color; fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a very fine suture; a pair of short, weak furrows, starting at internal angle of antennal scrobae, outline the fastigium frontis; subocular furrows weak and restricted to upper part ( Fig. 5H ). Abdominal tergites two and three with few, very minute, indistinct stridulatory pegs. Wings surpassing hind knees. Tegmen ( Fig. 1B ): Radius with two branches, both forked near tip; media anterior fused in basal area with radius; media posterior absent; cubitus anterior forks before mid-length into two veins, CuA1 and CuA2; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 4–5 anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large, on mid tibiae comparatively short, ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 4– 9 external and 3–9 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine each; with 3 apical spurs on both sides [male left hind tibia regenerated: shorter, with almost no spines, right hind tibia normal]. Coloration. General color discolored brownish, might have been green when alive, legs with remnants of green; vertex unicolored; disc of pronotum unicolored, hind margin hardly darker. Legs of general color. Face unicolored brownish, maybe green when alive; eyes red brown; clypeo-frontal sutures darkened. Tegmen semitransparent with darker veins; except along anterior and apical margins with yellowish brown infumation (probably green when alive); hind wing semi-transparent white with brown veins and lighter cross-veins. Male. Eighth abdominal tergite prolonged. Ninth abdominal tergite semi-globular: prolonged and down-curved laterally and apically; in descending posterior area furrowed in midline, at end of furrow split and on both sides of split area with an obtuse bump and below bump with a small conical projection pointing mediad ( Figs. 6 A–B). Epiproct and paraproctes distinct. Subgenital plate almost twice as wide as long; lateral margins convex; apical margin wide, slightly obtuse-triangularly excised; curved styli inserted laterally just before apical margin ( Fig. 6A ). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite with roundly converging lateral margins and a long, narrow, parallel-sided apical projection with obtuse, in middle slightly concave tip covering base of subgenital plate ( Figs. 8 A–B). Subgenital plate with nearly straight converging lateral margins, apical margin in middle concave, on both sides obtuse angular; surface in more than basal third grooved and in middle towards base membranous ( Fig. 8B ). Base of ovipositor with a small sclerotised bump between subgenital plate and very base of ovipositor. Ovipositor elongate, only faintly curved dorsad, margins slightly and gradually narrowing towards tip; dorsal margin with a slight expansion before tip ( Fig. 9O ). Measurements ( 1 male , 2 females ).—body w/wings: male 54, female 49–54; body w/o wings: male 37, female 36–41; pronotum: male 8.5, female 9.0–9.5; tegmen: male 39, female 36–37; tegmen width: male 14, female 13; hind femur: male 22.5, female 21.5–23.0; antenna: female 115–190; ovipositor: female 38–40 mm .

Description. Large species ( Figs. 4E, 4J ). Head: Face ovoid; fastigium verticis about twice as wide as scapus; ocelli indistinct; fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a very fine suture; a pair of distinct subantennal furrows, starting at internal angle of antennal scrobae, separates the central area of face from the lateral areas and fuse ventrally with clypeo-frontal suture; clypeo-frontal suture interrupted in middle; subocular furrows also distinct ( Fig. 5B ). Abdominal tergite three only with extremely minute stridulatory pegs. Wings reaching about tip of stretched hind tibiae ( Fig. 4E ). Tegmen: Radius with two branches, both forked near tip; media anterior fused in basal area with radius; media posterior absent; cubitus anterior forks before midlength into two veins, CuA1 and CuA2; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 5 anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with a rather large spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large, on mid tibiae comparatively short, ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 5–10 external and 6–7 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine each; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color uniformly green when alive ( Fig. 100A ); vertex unicolored; disc of pronotum unicolored, hind margin hardly darker. Legs of general color. Face unicolored green; eyes red brown; basal angles of clypeus black (female) or green and clypeo-frontal sutures darkened (male). Tegmen semi-transparent white with green veins; in center yellowish infumate; hind wing semi-transparent white with green veins; apart from marginal areas cells with large dark brown spots. Male. Ninth abdominal tergite semi-globular: prolonged and down-curved laterally and apically; in descending posterior area furrowed in midline and before apex split and granular, on both sides of the split area with a small disc with granular margin and below that disc with a fine styliform projection, both projecting mediad ( Figs. 6 E– F). Epiproct and paraproctes distinct. Subgenital plate almost twice as wide as long; apical margin wide, slightly obtuse-triangularly excised; styli inserted laterally at apical margin. Phallus membranous. Female. Seventh abdominal sternite together with its apical projection appearing triangular with rounded angles; apical projection covering centro-basal area of subgenital plate. Subgenital plate elongate triangular with rounded apex; only margin and a small area at tip sclerotised, remainder membranous and shallowly grooved ( Fig. 7E ). Base of ovipositor with a small sclerite before base of ventral valves. Ovipositor of medium length, distinctly but not strongly curved dorsad, margins slightly and gradually narrowing towards tip; dorsal margin with a slight expansion before tip ( Fig. 9L ). Measurements ( 1 male , 1 female ).—body w/wings: male 54, female 58; body w/o wings: male 36, female 43; pronotum: male 8, female 9; tegmen: male 40, female 42; tegmen width: male 16; hind femur: male 18, female 19; antenna: male 110; ovipositor: female 17 mm .

Description. Medium sized species, rather small for the genus ( Fig. 4G ). Head: Face ovoid; fastigium verticis about twice as wide as scapus; ocelli indistinct; fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a very fine suture; a pair of short, weak furrows, starting at internal angles of the antennal scrobae, outline the fastigium frontis; subocular furrows present ( Fig. 5C ). Abdominal tergites two and three with very minute stridulatory pegs (0, 3; 2, 7; n = 1 female ). Wings little surpassing hind knees ( Fig. 4G ). Tegmen: Radius with two branches, both forked near tip; media anterior fused in basal area with radius; media posterior absent; cubitus anterior forks before mid-length into two veins, CuA1 and CuA2; in holotype on left tegmen both CuA and CuP undivided single veins, on right tegmen CuA divided into two branches; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout or in one female with a common base with first analis; with 5 anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with a rather large spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with 4 pairs of large, on mid tibiae comparatively short, ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 6–9 external and 4–7 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine each; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color discolored brownish (green when alive); vertex unicolored; disc of pronotum unicolored, hind margin hardly darker. Legs of general color. Face unicolored green; eyes red brown. Tegmen semi-transparent greenish with green veins; in central area of tegmen some cells with dark brown flecks; hind wing semi-transparent greenish white with green-brown veins and veinlets; cells with large dark brown spots. Male unknown. Female. Seventh abdominal sternite elongate, longer than wide, surface vaulted, in basal half to two thirds lateral margins roundly converging, apical area beam-like and in lateral view little upcurved, fitting in a groove of the subgenital plate ( Figs. 7 F–G). Subgenital plate at base little projecting dorso-laterad, afterwards with roundly converging lateral margins, at apex subtruncate to faintly concave; the greatest part of the subgenital plate occupied by a large and at base deep groove; in lateral view subgenital plate curved in an about 70°–80° angle and at very base with a small lateral groove. Base of ovipositor in the angle formed by the subgenital plate with a small sclerotised protuberance. Ovipositor elongate, only faintly curved dorsad, margins slightly and gradually narrowing towards tip; dorsal margin with a slight expansion before tip ( Fig. 9K ). Measurements ( 3 females ).—body w/wings: 33–35; body w/o wings: 27–31; pronotum: 6.0–6.5; tegmen: 23– 24; tegmen width: 8.5–10.0; hind femur: 14.5–15.5; antenna: 130–140; ovipositor: female 26–28 mm .