Bioacoustics of Physcoa

Diagnosis. Members of the genus Physcoa Thorell, 1895 , stat. rev. can be distinguished from the true Chrysso (cf. Figs 8 – 12 ; fig. 34 A – E in Zhu 1998 ; fig. 111.1–3 in Song et al. 2006 ; figs 481–492 in Sen et al. 2015 and figs 1–7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 21–31, 34, 35 in Levi 1957 ; figs 7, 8, 12 in Buckup and Marques 1996 ) by the following combination of characteristics: (1) cymbium with a prolateral distal projection (except P. cyclocera ( Zhu, 1998 ) , comb. nov. ) (vs cymbium without projection); (2) embolus C-shaped, with embolic projection in some species (vs filiform and complexly elongating, without embolic projection); and (3) copulatory ducts spherical, smaller than spermathecae (except P. cyclocera ( Zhu, 1998 ) , comb. nov. ) (vs sac-like, much larger than spermathecae). Members of the genus Physcoa Thorell, 1895 , stat. rev. is similar to Argyrodes Simon, 1864 (cf. Figs 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 and fig. 52 in Agnarsson et al. 2007 ; figs 2–8 in Kaya et al. 2010 ) in having a posterior extension on dorsal opisthosoma and the presence of prolateral cymbial projection, but it can be distinguished by: (1) bulb-cymbium-lock mechanism hood-like (vs hook-like); (2) tegular apophysis short, not visible before expanded, covered by bulb (vs long, protrusive, and visible before expanded); (3) embolus C-shaped (vs triangular); and (4) copulatory ducts spherical (vs tubular).

Remarks. Although the specimens of Chrysso angula , Chr. cyclocera , and Chr. fanjingshan were unavailable for examination, the illustrations and descriptions of Chr. angula and Chr. fanjingshan (fig. 111.1–3 in Song et al. 2006 ; figs 481–492 in Sen et al. 2015 ) clearly show the following characteristics of Physcoa : a projection on prolateral distal cymbium, the C-shaped embolus (male of Chr. fanjingshan unknown), a wide and short epigynal atrium, and the spherical copulatory duct. Despite Chr. cyclocera (fig. 34 A – E in Zhu 1998 ) lacking a cymbial projection, this species exhibits a C-shaped embolus with an embolic projection, which is similar to P. oxycera comb. nov. Therefore, we transfer these three species to Physcoa .