Bioacoustics of Phileurini

1. Anterior frontal setae absent............................................................................. 2 - Anterior frontal setae present............................................................................ 7 2. Lateral margins of labrum broadly rounded, not angulate ( Argentina , southern Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay )................................................................................... Trioplus cylindricus (Mannerheim, 1829) - At least one lateral margin of labrum angulate............................................................... 3 3. Left and right lateral margins of labrum angulate. Maxilla with a row of six conical, stridulatory teeth ( Uruguay , Brazil ).................................................................... Archophileurus fimbriatus (Burmeister, 1847) - Left lateral margin of labrum angulate. Maxilla with 6–10 stridulatory teeth....................................... 4 4. Terminal antennomere with 5 dorsal sensory spots........................................................... 5 - Terminal antennomere with less than 5 dorsal sensory spots....................................................6 5. Abdominal spiracle I smaller than spiracles II–VII. Maxilla with row of 6–7 truncate, stridulatory teeth ( Colombia )......................................................................... Hemiphileurus elbitae Neita & Ratcliffe, 2010 - Abdominal spiracles similar in size. Maxilla with row of 7–10 truncate, stridulatory teeth ( United States of America to Pan- ama).......................................................... Phileurus truncatus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1806) 6. Terminal segment of antenna with 2 dorsal sensory spots. Inner margin of left mandible, distad of molar area, with short, rounded tooth (Hispaniola)................................................... Hemiphileurus dispar Kolbe, 1910 - Terminal segment of antenna with 3–4 dorsal sensory spots. Inner margin of left mandible, distad of molar area, with promi- nent, triangular tooth ( United States of America , Mexico )....................... Hemiphileurus illatus (LeConte, 1854) 7. Protarsal claw longer than mesotarsal and metatarsal claws.....................................................8 - Protarsal claw similar in size to mesotarsal and metatarsal claws.............................................. 11 8. Surface of head coarsely pitted, with dense covering of setae. Stridulatory area of mandible formed by approximately 30 sepa- rated ridges ( Brazil )...................................................... Actinobolus trilobus Lüderwaldt, 1910 - Surface of head moderately punctate and sparsely setae. Stridulatory area of mandible formed by 40 or more separated ridges....................................................................................................9 9. Left lateral margin of labrum angulate................................................................... 10 - Lateral margins of labrum broadly rounded, not angulate (northeastern South America)................................................................................................ Homophileurus luederwaldti (Ohaus, 1910) 10. Anterior clypeal setae absent ( Brazil , Paraguay )........................... Homophileurus integer (Burmeister, 1847) - Anterior clypeal setae present (Mexico to Brazil)............................... Homophileurus tricuspis Prell, 1914 11. Ocelli absent....................................................................................... 12 - Ocelli present....................................................................................... 13 12. Right lateral margin of labrum rounded, raster and lower anal lobe with short setae alternates with numerous long setae (South America)............................................................ Archophileurus vervex Burmeister, 1847 - Right lateral margin of labrum angulate, raster and lower anal lobe with short and thin setae ( United States of America to Argentina )................................................................. Phileurus valgus (Olivier, 1789) 13. Lateral margins of labrum broadly rounded, not angulate. Laephoba with 11 slender, short setae Maxilla with a row of 7 strid- ulatory teeth (Mexico to Paraguay)........................................... Phileurus didymus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Left and right lateral margins of labrum angulate. Laephoba with 17 slender, short setae. Maxilla with a row of 9 stridulatory teeth ( French Guiana , Brazil , Uruguay )......................................... Phileurus affinis Burmeister, 1847