Bioacoustics of Phaloria (Phaloria) mindanao

Description. Male ( holotype ). Body medium-sized and typical of this genus in structure ( Fig. 2 ), with following coloration: head grayish brown with light brown ocelli, a pair of longitudinal stripes on dorsum behind eyes and a few barely distinct small marks between these stripes, dark brown most part of membranes of antennal cavities and a pair of small triangular spots under lateral ocelli, yellowish narrow stripes along lateral edges of anterior half of rostrum and several diverse spots on epicranium under rostrum and antennal cavities as well as under eyes and on lower halves of genae, yellowish antennae having numerous light grayish brown to grayish brown spots on middle and distal parts of flagellum, as well as yellowish mouth parts having grayish brown spot on lateral part of each mandible and a pair of marks on clypeus (as in Fig. 1 ); pronotum also grayish brown but with two longitudinal stripes on each lateral lobe which contacting with each other (one of them barely darker and running along dorsal edge of this lobe, and second one light gray and running almost along median line of this lobe; approximately as in Fig. 3 ); tegmina light grayish brown with barely darker areas before stridulatory vein (near it) and near most lateral corner of mirror, yellowish membranes between chords and along distal edge of mirror, almost brown some veins located in medial part of dorsal field, and almost transparent largest membranes in this field ( Fig. 2 ) and all membranes in lateral field (as in Fig. 3 ); hind wings also almost transparent but with lighter venation; other parts of body light brown to yellowish with numerous brown longitudinal marks on legs (but outer surface of hind femur with slightly darker and dense oblique lines in upper two thirds (approximately as in Fig. 15). Structure of body with following characteristic features: ocelli very small; rostrum between antennal cavities almost equal to scape in width (as in Fig. 1 ); pronotum clearly narrowing to head ( Fig. 2 ), with lateral lobes moderately high and having ventral edges almost parallel to dorsal ones (as in Fig. 3 ); tegmina reaching apical parts of hind femora, strongly widened, with venation of dorsal field as in Fig. 2 , and with lateral field having very narrow Sc–R area, moderately widened R–M area, 8–9 cross-veins in latter area and 29–30 almost transverse branches of Sc (cross-veins between these branches absent; as in Fig. 3 ); apices of hind wings reaching tegminal apices; legs with a pair of oval tympana on each fore tibia (inner tympanum almost 1.5 times as great as outer one; as in Figs 3 and 12), with moderately long dorsal spines of hind tibia (inner spines slightly longer than outer ones) and with very long two (dorsal and middle) outer apical spurs (these spurs much longer than other ones, and longest one of them almost equal to hind basitarsus in length; almost as in Fig. 15); abdominal apex also typical of this genus, but genital plate elongate as well as with rather wide and short rounded notch at apex (Fig. 23), and genitalia ( Figs 29–33 ) with following characteristic features: epiphallus ( e ) rather short and clearly transverse, with wide (but not deep) and almost angular posteromedian notch, and with a pair of small triangularly plate-like posterior lobules ( lo ) separated from main epiphallic body by membranous areas; each ectoparamere ( ec ) weakly elongate, with almost triangular (but laterally slightly arcuate) distal part as well as rather narrow and oblique medial projection; endoparameres ( en ) strong, distinctly fused with each other in median part and with long and moderately narrow apodemes ( a ); rachis ( ra ) strong, but weakly elongate and with slightly widened subapical part; formula ( f ) elongate, not fused with rachis and having a pair of long, moderately narrow and V-shaped anterior tongues; rami ( r ) long, narrow and posteriorly fused with epiphallus. Variation. Male paratype ( Figs 1, 3 ) with coloration of pronotum, tegmina and femora somewhat different: pronotal disk with dark brown posterior part and longitudinal median stripe as well as two large spots along each lateral edge; latter spots fused with dark brown longitudinal stripe on each pronotal lateral lobe running along dorsal edge of this lobe ( Fig. 3 ); membranes between tegminal chords partly light grayish brown; oblique lines on outer side of hind femur lighter and less distinct. Female . General appearance similar to that of holotype but with following differences: pronotum less strongly narrowing to head, with coloration intermediate between those of holotype and male paratype ; tegmina shorter (see measurements) and typical of female of this genus in structure (dorsal field significantly narrower, with 9–10 longitudinal but slightly oblique veins and rather numerous regular cross-veins; lateral field with moderately narrow Sc–R area having 16–18 cross-veins, without widened R–M area and with 15–16 more oblique branches of Sc), with coloration yellowish gray but having whitish tinge on majority of membranes, almost light brown membranes in dorsal field of right (upper) tegmen, brown to dark brown venation and a few spots along lateral edge of each dorsal field; hind wings slightly protruding beyond tegminal apices by 1.0– 1.5 mm (structure of pronotum, tegmina and hind wings approximately as in Figs 17, 19); genital plate yellowish, almost quadrate but with wide, short and roundly angular apical notch (Fig. 25); ovipositor light brown with brown marks and acute (almost conical and elongate) apical portion having shortly denticulate ventral part (Fig. 24) (dorsally this portion looks almost as in Fig. 21). Length in mm. Body: male 13.0–14.5, female 12.5; body with wings: male 17.5–17.8, female 16.0; pronotum: male 2.9–3.0, female 3.2; tegmina: male 13.8–14.0, female 11.8; hind femora: male 13.3–13.7, female 12.0; ovipositor 6.5.