Bioacoustics of Phaloria (Papuloria) berbeda

Description. Habitus similar to Phaloria brevis Tan & Robillard , sp. nov. from Kumawa, but smaller in size and wings slightly broader ( Fig. 1F ). Head dorsum yellow brown with four longitudinal brown bands at posterior end ( Fig. 2E ). Fastigium brown. Scapes yellow brown, ventrally dark brown. Antennae unicolourous yellow brown. Fastigium verticis yellow brown with Ω omega-shaped dark brown pattern. Frons, clypeus and mouthparts pale yellow brown; frons with four brown vertical bands that continue to clypeus ( Fig. 3E ). Maxillary palpi pale coloured; apices of segments faintly brownish. Lateral part of head, including genae, pale yellow brown; gena with a vertical brown band ventral to eye; with a broad brown (darker than head dorsum) horizontal band at posterior of eye. Pronotal disk generally brown; posterior margin slightly sinuous ( Fig. 2E ). Lateral lobes brown (slightly darker than pronotal disk), with a few pale brown spots. Legs pale yellow brown with brown patterns and spots. Inner tympanum oblong, with distal end more acute; outer tympanum similarly sized and oval. FIs and FIIs with large brown spots on inner and outer surface at the base, followed by two brown rings near knees (one in the middle and another near the knee), basally with some brown spots on the dorsal and inner surface. TIs with a broad brown ring around tympanum and two other rings (one in middle and one at apex). FIIIs yellow brown basally with some brown spots, distal third and knees brown, with a pale ring near knees. TIIIs yellow brown with brown rings. Tergites yellow brown. Male. FWs slenderer, about 2.8 times longer than wide, surpassing abdominal apex, mostly yellow brown and some parts hyaline ( Fig. 4F ). FW venation typical of genus, 8 fairly straight veins in harp; mirror 1.0–1.1 times as long as wide, very large and separated by two dividing veins: basal one mostly straight, distal one angularly bent. Apical field long, 1.0–1.1 times longer than length of mirror. Lateral field with R and M diverging before converging strongly at apical third, with 8 cross veins between R and M; with 22 projections of Sc. Hind wings reaching apex of FW, not exceeding FWs. Male genitalia ( Figs. 5I, 5J ). Pseudepiphallus with lateral margins slightly converging posterior; its posterior margin with a deep round indentation in the middle, with a pair of small stout nodular lobules. Pseudepiphallic lobe stout, dorsally obliquely truncated at the apex, with a folded ventral lobe also with truncated apex. Rami long, much longer than half of pseudepiphallus length, faintly curved inwards at the basal end, but not connected. Pseudepiphallic parameres strongly sclerotized, somewhat obliquely transverse; basal end narrow with rounded apex, apical third with stout dorso-inner tooth-like process; apex obtuse, pointing posteriorly. Ectophallic apodemes fork-shaped, with basal end short; inner apical arm pointing obliquely and towards each other, outer apical arm pointing posteriorly with apex strongly widened and truncated. Ectophallic fold separated into two elongated plate-like structures with inner margin concave, with apex producing into a short slender process at the external margin, process with apex acute and pointing obliquely towards each other. Endophallic sclerite very small with a pair of check-mark structures, with basal lobule pointing externally and dorsad with obtuse apex and posterior end also with obtuse apex. Female. Unknown. Measurements (in mm). Male holotype PronL = 2.1, PronW = 3.9, FWL = 15.1, FWW = 5.4, FIIIL = 7.6, FIIIW = 2.5, TIIIL = 8.8; male paratypes PronL = 2.0–2.4, PronW = 3.8, FWL = 13.9–14.6, FWW = 5.5–5.7, FIIIL = 7.7–7.9, FIIIW = 2.1–2.5, TIIIL = 8.1–8.4. Calling song ( Fig. 8 ). The calling song consists of a series of echemes with echeme duration of 54.4±9.7 ms (43.1–70.6 ms) and echeme period of 0.11±0.01 s (0.10–0.12 s). Down time between echemes is 53.4±7.2 ms (35.0–61.0 ms). Each echeme consists of 4 to 6 closely-packed syllables. Each syllable has a duration of 11.0±0.5 ms (10.2–11.8 ms). The syllable has a dominant frequency of 4.96± 0.02 kHz (4.89–4.97 kHz).