Bioacoustics of Pagopedilum

FIGS. 1-3. Porthetis carinata . 1) Bristles on the inner side of the hind femur; 2) Abdomen of the male with the Krauss’ organ and the supplementary stridulatory ridges below it; 3) The same area of the abdomen in the female. The majority of species that according to Dirsh (1958) belong to this genus has been described from the female sex only: Pagopedilum subcruciatum Karsch, 1896 ( holotype ♀ from Transvaal, South Africa ), P. martini Bolívar, 1915 ( holotype ♀ from Natal, South Africa ), P. bradyanum (Saussure, 1887) ( holotype ♀ from Transvaal, South Africa ) [ Dirsh (1958) synonymized Xiphocera mannulus Saussure, 1887 ( holotype ♀ from Grahamstown, South Africa ) with X. bradyana Saussure, 1887 , later moved to the genus Pagopedilum ]; and P. brevis ( Walker, 1870 ) from the male sex ( holotype ♂ from South Africa ). Females of Pagopedilum are apterous, the male of P. sordidum is brachypterous, nearly micropterous. Bolívar (1916) , describing the genus Stolliana , wrote: “ Pronotum dorso utrinque oblique planiusculo; crista modice alta, regulariter arcuata haud interrupta antice posticeque acutangulato producta postice plerumque bidentate… Prosternum tumore antice alto, bispinoso, retrorsum declive et bidentato ” (= Both margins of pronotum flat, crest moderately high, regularly curved, not interrupted, acutely protruding anteriorly and posteriorly, with many teeth on the hind margin. Prosternal tubercle anteriorly high, with two spines, sloping posteriorly with two teeth). Dirsh (1958) added that the prosternal tubercle is cuneiform, with bilobate apex and numerous tubercles on the posterior surface, and the pronotum has also three fenestrae . FIGS. 4-6. Pagopedilum . 4) Habitus of the male of P. sordidum (after Dirsh 1958 ); 5) Lateral view of the male of P. bradyanum from South Africa ; 6) Lateral view of the male of P. brevis from South Africa . Bolívar (1916) established Porthetis sabulosus Stål, 1875 as the species type of the genus and included within the genus Stolliana also Pamphagus sordidus [presently Pagopedilum sordidum ( Walker, 1870 ) ], Xiphocera bradyana [presently Pagopedilum bradyanum (Saussure, 1887) ], Xiphocera mannula (presently synonymous with Pagopedilum bradyanum ), and two species presently belonging to the genus Lobosceliana [ Xiphicera compressa Kirby, 1902 = Lobosceliana loboscelis (Schaum, 1853) ] and to the genus Transvaaliana ( Xiphicera granulosa Kirby, 1902 = Transvaaliana granulosa ).