Bioacoustics of Pamphagidae

Diagnosis: Size medium to very large, body of variable shape, dorso-ventrally depressed, laterally compressed or subcylindrical; integument mostly strongly rugose; head of variable shape, conical, sub conical or sub globular; frons in profile excurved, straight or deeply incurved; fastigial furrow always present; frontal ridge present, mostly sulcate; fastigium of vertex variable, fastigial foveolae absent, but concavities present; antennae ensiform; dorsum of pronotum crested, tectiform, subcylindrical or flat; prosternal process present; mesosternal interspace open; tympanum usually present; tegmina and wings fully developed, shortened, lobiform, rudimentary or absent; reticulation of tegmina dense; venation normal or highly specialized; Krauss's organs mostly present; hind femur of various shapes with lower basal lobe longer than upper one; Brunner's organs present; external apical spine of hind tibia present; stridulatory mechanism of different types present; male supra-anal plate angular, cercus simple, conical; male subgenital plate short, subconical, conical or bilobate at apex; epiphallus large, shieldlike, with small and finger-shaped ancorae and without lophi, oval sclerites absent, basal valve or aedeagus separated from apical valve but articulated with them, Gonopore process absent, spermatophore sac relatively small, dorsal in position; spermatheca with a single diverticulum S or Gshaped, sometimes curved or twisted and sometimes with lateral bulges; ovipositor elongate with robust and curved valves; posterior margin of female subgenital plate not fused with floor of genital chamber, egg-guide rudimentary or absent in true sense, Jannone's organs absent. The family Pamphagidae is represented by five genera belonging to two subfamilies from Fezzan, Libya . A key for their separation is given.

1 Tumidae of cingulum present; dorsal valves of cingulum distinct, surrounding apical valves of penis laterally; rami bordered by a narrow white band dorso-posteriorly ( Figs. 1–2 ); male mid tibia with stridulatory serration dorsally ( Fig. 93 ) (except in strongly brachypterous or squamipterous species such as Glyphanus and Glyphotmethis ovipennis ); tegmina present, never completely apterous; if present the hind wing with curved 2nd anal vein and expanded anal area for stridulation ( Fig. 95 ); median carina of pronotum intersected 2–3 times by transversal sulci ( Fig. 100 ); fastigium of vertex broad; preocellar foveolae present (except Haplotropis ) ( Figs. 96, 99 )..................................................... Thrinchinae Stål - Tumidae of cingulum and dorsal valves of cingulum absent; rami without white band its dorso-posterior part (except a reduced one in Tropidauchenini) ( Figs. 3–5 ); male mid tibia dorsally smooth, without stridulatory serration ( Fig. 94 ); apterous to brachypterous, tegmina never fully developed; Median carina of pronotum not intersected or intersected slightly by only typical sulcus ( Figs. 318, 328 ); fastigium of vertex narrow, with carinate margin; preocellar foveola absent ( Fig. 97 ).............................................................................................. Pamphaginae Burmeister