Bioacoustics of Okanagana

Redescription: Males and females are similar to members of the genus Tibicinoides . Inter-species body size is highly variable with some intra-specific variation. Head: The width of the head and eyes is usually equal to subequal the width of the apical pronotal margin. The clypeus is variably pronounced. The center of the vertex has an epicranial suture; sulcate or not, marked or not. Thorax : The pronotal margins are subquadrate to apically constricted with a longitudinal sulcus of varying depth running along the midline. There are two bilateral fissures that run inwards towards the center of the pronotum at an anterior-posterior angle. The humeral and apical angles are distinct or not. The cruciform elevation is located directly anterior to the hind margin of the mesonotum. The anterior lateral sides of the mesonotum may show vestigial stridulatory grooves. The posterior edge of the metanotum is visible. Wings : Both fore and hind wings are hyaline, and the basal membranes are variable in color but typically orange. The fore wing length is 2.5–3 times the width, with 8 apical cells. The trapezoidal-shaped radial cell reaches the costal node halfway along length of costa, and the ratio of apical cell to ulnar cell length is approximately 1:1. The hind wing has 6 apical cells with a typical branched CuA vein ( Fig. 2A ). The wing venation is usually dark, with species-specific exceptions. Legs : Metacoxa with a meracanthus with a distinct triangular shape, typically as long or longer than the coxa. Metatibiae with spines, all other tibiae without spines. Abdomen : Timbals completely exposed. Timbal membrane with 3–11 long ribs spaced with short ribs (e.g. Fig. 2C ). In females there is no vertical gap between tergite VII and tergite VIII and epipleurite VII is usually longer in length compared to epipleurite VI ( Fig. 2D–E ). Male Genitalia : Sternite VII in males is variably shaped, covering the base of sternite VIII (=valve). Sternite VIII extends parallel to the length of the body, partially housing the uncus and aedeagus. The uncus has its dorsal and lateral margins variably shaped from parallel to with a bulge. From the dorsal aspect the tip of the uncus is bulbous or not, excavated or not: a species-specific feature. The uncus never has a hooked tip (as in Figs. 1C–D , 3B ) though in the lateral aspect there may be a slight point in some species. Female Genitalia : Sternite VII is variably excavated on its posterior margin, forming a primary notch with a secondary notch in the center of the primary ( Fig. 2D ). Both excavations are seldom rounded in their entirety, often forming distinct angles between the primary and secondary notch. The secondary notch may be rounded or distinctly V-shaped (if clear). The sides of sternite VII form rounded apical prongs that vary in shape. Both traits are often species-specific.