Bioacoustics of Lucanus qizhihaoi

Remarks. This new species should be assigned to the Lucanus boileaui group based on the external and genital characters (sensu Huang & Chen 2010 ). The new species was first discovered on October 2nd, 2023 , when Xin Lin and Huang-Hui Lu, hiking with other hikers, accidentally picked up a large sized mutilated body of this species on the top of the Mt. Xianglushan at an altitude of 1900 m . Xin Lin took photos at the scene ( Fig. 10C–D ) and brought the head back. At that time, we speculated that this species is closest to L . boileaui , perhaps a new subspecies of L . boileaui or a separate new species. At 8 a.m. on July 13th, 2024 , we formed a team of four people with hiking bags carrying dry food, water, gasoline generators and tents from the foot of the Mt. Xianglushan at 1080 m , and reached the camping position at an altitude of 1700 m at around 4 p. m. At night, we set up a light tent trap, using a 250W high-pressure mercury lamp to lure. At the same time, five simple light traps using 11W purple lights were set up at an altitude of 1695 m to 1780 m . After a night of light trapping, we collected L . wuyishanensis and L . fortunei , but did not found any of this new species. At about 11 a.m. on July 14th, we climbed to the top of the Mt. Xianglushan and began collecting insect specimens and taking photos ( Figs. 9B–D ; 11A–B ). During this time, we witnessed a male Lucanus species flying to the top, but failed to collect it. Before returning, we decided to search the location nearby, where the carcass of the new species was found last year. Fortunately and surprisingly, Zhi-Hao Qi found a small male individual of the new species dying in the sun on a large rock ( Figs. 9D ; 10A–B ). A female was subsequently collected, but later identified as L . parryi parryi . In summary, we believe that L . qizhihaoi Lin, Su, Xin & Song , new species , as most other Lucanus species , has a habit of flying to the top of the mountain. In addition, since only one night of light trapping was performed, the phototaxis of this new species is unclear.