Bioacoustics of Lucanus boileaui

1. Ventral surface of mesofemur and metafemur with orange stripes ( Fig. 5F ); spermatheca strongly hooked, the position of apex perpendicular to front the middle length of spermatheca ( Fig. 7O ); spermathecal duct long ( Fig. 7M ), about 5 times as long as spermatheca.................................................................. Lucanus boileaui Planet, 1897 – Ventral surface of mesofemur and metafemur black ( Fig. 5B ), without orange stripes; spermatheca weakly hooked, the position of apex perpendicular to behind the middle length of spermatheca ( Fig. 7E ); spermathecal duct much short ( Fig. 7C ), nearly as long as spermatheca................................................................................... 2 2. Canthus with anterior and posterior angles well-developed, clearly defined ( Fig. 6H ); spermatheca not sclerotized, less hooked (refer to p. 22 in Huang & Chen, 2017 )......................................... .. Lucanus ludivinae Boucher, 1998 – Canthus with anterior and posterior angles weakly developed, not defined ( Fig. 6C ); most part of spermatheca not sclerotized, weakly sclerotized at apex only, more hooked ( Fig. 7E )............ Lucanus jiaozishanus Qi, He, Su & Song, new species

1. Large sized species that can reach more than 60 mm in length; clypeolabrum tongue shaped and long ( Fig. 2T ); dorsal surface of the body with long yellow brown pubescence ( Fig. 1G ); all tibiae with bright yellowish brown stripes ( Fig. 2V–X ); flagellum very long ( Fig. 4D ), usually 8–10 times longer than aedeagus........................... Lucanus boileaui Planet, 1897 – Smaller sized species than cannot reach more than 50 mm ; clypeolabrum not tongue shaped and short ( Fig. 2B, H ); dorsal surface of the body with fine and visible short pubescence or nearly smooth ( Fig. 1A, C ); all tibiae black ( Fig. 2D–F, J–L ), without bright yellowish brown stripes; flagellum shorter ( Fig. 4A–B ), about 2–3 times longer than aedeagus............. 2 2. Each mandible usually with 3–7 inner teeth (excluding apical fork), major inner tooth behind the middle, distinctly near the base, apical fork developed ( Fig. 2G ); dorsal surface of the body with fine and visible short pubescence ( Fig. 1C ); penis narrower ( Fig. 4I ); flagellum ( Fig. 4B ) about 2.5 times longer than aedeagus........... .. Lucanus ludivinae Boucher, 1998 – Each mandible usually with 1–4 inner teeth (excluding apical fork), major inner tooth at the middle, apical fork less developed ( Fig. 2A ); dorsal surface of the body nearly smooth ( Fig. 1A ), without visible pubescence; penis wider ( Fig. 4E ); flagellum ( Fig. 4A ) about 2.0 times longer than aedeagus.................... Lucanus jiaozishanus Qi, He, Su & Song, new species