Bioacoustics of Lasiodora sertaneja

Description. Male (IBSP 343484). Carapace 25.37 long, 23.49 wide, chelicera 10.51. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 22.20, 11.86, 17.38, 18.46, 9.60, 79.50. II: 20.92, 11.04, 15.69, 18.04, 9.74, 75.43. III: 18.75, 9.68, 14.48, 18.29, 9.56, 70.76. IV: 22.14, 10.87, 17.71, 25.63, 10.38, 86.73. Palp: 14.15, 8.28, 11.87, –, 4.40, 38.70. Midwidths: femora I–IV = 4.48, 5.08, 6.20, 4.94, palp = 3.42; patellae I–IV = 4.72, 4.81, 4.95, 4.60, palp = 3.46; tibiae I–IV = 3.78, 3.35, 3.61, 3.48, palp = 3.60; metatarsi I–IV = 2.17, 2.20, 2.25, 2.04; tarsi I–IV = 2.10, 2.13, 2.35, 2.21, palp = 3.22. Abdomen 24.00 long, 17.46 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 3.18 long, 1.28 wide, 1.82 apart; PLS, 3.69 basal, 2.83 middle, 4.36 distal; midwidths 1.78, 1.35, 1.17, respectively. Carapace: 1.08 longer than wide; cephalic area moderately raised, thoracic striae conspicuous. Fovea: 3.59 wide. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 0.83 high, 2.36 long, 3.00 wide. Clypeus 0.46 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.61, ALE 0.66, PME 0.45, PLE 0.64, AME–AME 0.54, AME–ALE 0.31, AME–PME 0.24, ALE–ALE 1.98, ALE–PME 0.58, PME–PME 1.50, PME–PLE 0.14, PLE–PLE 2.19, ALE–PLE 0.38, AME–PLE 0.64. Eye group 2.92 wide, 1.47 long. Maxilla: Length 7.55, width 4.16. Cuspules: 273 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 3.26 long, 3.57 wide, with 153 cuspules spaced by ca. one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Chelicera: basal segment with 13 teeth in row on promargin and denticles in basal area. Sternum: 11.10 long, 9.57 wide. Legs: leg formula: I = IV II III. Length leg IV to I: 1.09. Stridulatory apparatus: Retrolateral maxilla: large spiniform setae on upper and lower areas, interspersed with plumose setae, middle area with some scattered small spiniform setae ( Figs 231 ─232). Leg I prolateral coxa: confluence of sutures region with ca. 15 reddish, acicular stridulatory setae and several short ones (Figs 233─234). Region above sutures with plumose setae and some curved spiniform setae. Region below sutures covered by plumose setae having very incrassate base (Fig. 235). Coxa I retrolateral face covered with plumose setae and a group of small spiniform setae on the upper region. Retrolateral face of coxae II–III lacking small spiniform setae. Coxa II prolateral face with same apparatus as in leg I, in legs III and IV the stridulatory setae are very slender. Scopula: Tarsi I–IV fully scopulate. Metatarsi I–II fully scopulated; III 1/2, IV 1/4 distal. Metatarsus IV divided by row of 2–3 setae. Spination: palp: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia 2-2-1, p0-3-1; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v1-0-1ap, metatarsus 0; leg II: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v1-1-3ap, p0-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-3ap, p1-0-0; leg III: femur r0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-2-4ap, p0-1-0, r1-1-1, metatarsus v4- 2-3ap, p0-1-1, r0-0-1; leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-4-3ap, p0-0-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v19(2ap), p0-1-1, r1-0-0. Urticating setae: Position, type and length range: MA, I, 0.29–0.34; LA, I, 0.26–0.33; MM, III, 0.75–0.78; LM, I, 0.32–0.37; MP, III, 0.75–0.79, LP, III, 0.75–0.77. Palp ( Figs 225 –227). Bulb pyriform, embolus slightly longer than tegulum length, slightly flattened laterally at distal region, apex short and very thick. Prolateral keels present. PS forming embolus edge distally. A short. R sharp, with a series of very conspicuous denticles on its edge. SA well developed. Bifid tibial spur (Figs 228─229) with processes originating from common base, both straight, retrolateral longest and with a curvature at its distal portion. A single, flattened, rhomboidal spine contiguous to the internal upper face of retrolateral process, and four such spines at the internal face of prolateral process. Metatarsus I curved on its basal third, when folded touches apex of retrolateral process. Color pattern (in alcohol): Carapace and chelicerae black. Carapace bordered with light brown short setae, chelicerae with some long light brown setae. Legs black with light brown long setae. Coxae of legs ventrally and sternum reddish brown, covered with short velvety dark brown setae. Labium and maxillae reddish brown. Abdomen black with abundant long reddish setae. Femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi of legs and palp with discrete light stripes. Apex of leg segments with whitish rings on apex. Description. Female (IBSP 343485). Carapace 27.16 long, 23.61 wide, chelicera 14.97. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 19.15, 11.70, 14.70, 13.02, 8.01, 66.58. II: 17.54, 10.74, 12.80, 12.84, 6.98, 60.90. III: 16.03, 9.98, 11.25, 13.97, 7.27, 58.50. IV: 19.46, 10.02, 14.92, 19.22, 7.96, 71.58. Palp: 13.48, 8.77, 9.95, –, 8.82, 41.02. Midwidths: femora I–IV = 4.42, 4.58, 5.65, 4.84, palp = 3.59; patellae I–IV = 4.81, 4.92, 5.12, 5.00, palp = 3.91; tibiae I–IV=3.97, 3.76, 3.93, 4.16, palp = 3.47; metatarsi I–IV = 2.76, 2.74, 2.68, 2.38; tarsi I–IV = 2.70, 2.77, 2.83, 2.75, palp = 2.75. Abdomen 36.91 long, 26.12 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 3.12 long, 1.65 wide, 2.16 apart; PLS, 3.80 basal, 3.31 middle, 4.58 distal; midwidths 2.46, 2.04, 1.41, respectively. Carapace: 1.15 longer than wide; cephalic area noticeably raised, thoracic striae conspicuous. Fovea: 4.84 wide. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 0.88 high, 2.46 long, 3.32 wide. Clypeus 0.64 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.64, ALE 0.85, PME 0.60, PLE 0.89, AME–AME 0.45, AME–ALE 0.46, AME–PME 0.19, ALE–ALE 2.09, ALE–PME 0.60, PME–PME 1.57, PME–PLE 0.10, PLE–PLE 2.20, ALE–PLE 0.41, AME–PLE 0.67. Eye group 3.11 wide, 1.83 long. Maxilla: Length 8.86, width 4.70. Cuspules: 316 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium 3.65 long, 4.34 wide, with 183 cuspules spaced by ca. one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Chelicera: basal segment with 10 teeth in row on promargin and denticles on basal area. Sternum: 13.00 long, 10.85 wide. Legs: leg formula: I = IV II III. Length leg IV to I: 1.07. Stridulatory apparatus: Retrolateral maxilla: large spiniform setae on upper and lower areas, interspersed with plumose setae, middle area with some scattered small spiniform setae ( Figs 236 ─237). Leg I prolateral coxa: confluence of sutures region with ca. 20 reddish, acicular stridulatory setae and several shorter ones (Figs 238─239). Region above sutures with plumose setae and some curved spiniform setae. Region below sutures covered with plumose setae having very incrassate base (Fig. 240). Coxa I retrolateral face covered with plumose setae and a group of small spiniform setae on the upper region. Retrolateral face of coxae II─III lacking small spiniform setae. Coxa II prolateral face with same apparatus as in leg I; in legs III and IV the stridulatory setae are very slender. Scopula: Tarsi I–IV fully scopulate. Metatarsi I–II fully scopulated; III 1/2, IV 1/3 distal. Metatarsus IV divided by a row of 2–3 setae. Spination: palp: femur p0-0-1ap, patella 0, tibia v1-1-4(3ap), p1-2-2, r0-0-1; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-1-3ap, metatarsus v0-0-1ap; leg II: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-1-4ap, p1-1-1; metatarsus v1-0-3ap; leg III: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-1-2ap, p1-1-0, r1-1-1, metatarsus v4-0-4ap, p1-2-0, r0-1-1; leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-1-3(2ap), p0-0-1, r1-0-0, metatarsus v22(4ap), p0-0-1, r0-1-1. Urticating setae: Position, type and length range: MA, I, 0.27–0.31; LA, I, 0.29–0.34; MM, III, 0.70–0.73; LM, I, 0.30–0.32; MP, III, 0.76–0.79, LP, I, 0.31–0.34. Spermathecae (Fig. 230): Two very short spermathecae separated by heavily sclerotized short area, spermathecal stalk narrower than wide spermathecal bulb. Color pattern (in alcohol): As in the male. Morphological variation. As with L. klugi , in this species, there is variation on the distribution and number of spiniform setae on the retrolateral maxilla of the palp. Spiniform setae on the upper region of the maxilla of palp are always present, whereas they are missing on lower, and sometimes the middle region on most specimens ( Figs 241 , 243). Specimens from the northern limit of distribution of the species, notably those from the right margins of Rio São Francisco (São Francisco River) have some spiniform setae on the lower and middle retrolateral area of palp maxilla ( Figs 231 ─232, 236─237). They have also conspicuous spiniform setae distributed on the prolateral coxae, mainly those of the legs I and II (Figs 239─240), which are not conspicuous on specimens from other regions (Figs 242, 244). These geographical morphological differences seem to form a cline, and thus they are herein considered to belong to the same species.