Bioacoustics of Julverninthus rentzi

Description. Size average. Coloration mostly orange brown, except head and pronotum darker ( Figs. 5A–D ). Eyes small, occupying 35% of head width dorsally. Vertex with five wide longitudinal black bands on yellow background, the median one resulting from the fusion more or less complete of two bands ( Fig. 6A ). Fastigium dark brown twice as wide as scape, densely setose, with short whitish setae and longer orange ones. Ocelli whitish. Scapes orange brown, with a black pattern on facial side; antennae light brown basally, then darker with yellow brown rings. Front and face black, with a yellow spot bellow eyes. Lateral side of head black, with two faint yellow lines posterior to eyes. Mouthparts dark brown; clypeus with two lateral yellow spots on dorsal margin and a characteristic trident-shaped whitish pattern on ventral part ( Fig. 6B ); mandibles black basally, yellow ventrally; labrum brown basally, then whitish. Maxillary palpi brown. Pronotum: Dorsal disk brown, mottled with orange, and black; lateral lobes homogeneously black. Wings brachypterous, very short in both sexes. Legs almost homogeneously dark orange brown; tarsomeres yellow basally. FIII dark orange brown, including knees, mottled with white spots and with dark striated patterns. Abdomen and cerci orange brown, the latter mottled with dark brown. Male: FW dorsal field ( Fig. 7A ) translucent brown with yellow veins, its antero-lateral corner with a large whitish sclerotization (hidden under pronotum in HT, but see Fig. 11 ); area of plectrum with a strong orange sclerotization. Vein 1A bisinuate anterior to angle. File with 159 stridulatory teeth distributed on transverse part of 1A (130) and on angle (29) (n=1). CuA barely curved inward. CuP absent. Mirror not rounded but well differentiated from other cells of D alignment, forming a wide rectangle without accessory vein. Cell c1 widened posteriorly, with a median transverse vein. Apical field short, including reticulated veins posterior to mirror (cell alignment E). Lateral field mostly dark brown; veins R and M strong and orange, delimiting a dark brown area. Sc orange, with two projections. Lateral field with four (n=3) strong parallel longitudinal veins ventral to Sc, with faint dark transverse veins. Male genitalia ( Fig. 8 ): Pseudepiphallus elongate, forming a narrow triangle; posterior apex forming a gutter longer than wide; pseudepiphallus straight in lateral view. Pseudepiphallic parameres dorsal posterior lobe rectangular with rounded angles, their bases parallel. Female: FWs very short, separated dorsally by half their length, apex rounded ( Fig. 7B ). FW dorsal field light brown, not translucent, lateral field dark brown; FW with 10 (n=1) strong dark brown strong longitudinal veins, 7 on dorsal field, 3 on lateral field. Ovipositor slightly shorter than FIII, apex acute, slightly denticulate dorsally ( Fig. 9A ). Female copulatory papilla ( Figs. 10A–C ): rounded, flat ventrally; apex slightly sclerotized and folded ventrally. Juvenile: Brown, with similar color pattern as in adults ( Fig. 12B ). Measurements. See Table 1 . Habitat and life history traits. J. rentzi was found active at night on low plants in forested areas. Calling song. Unknown. TIIIs BL PronL PronW FWL FWW FIIIL FIIIW TIIIL TaIIIs OL Ias Ibs Oas Obs Male holotype 20 3.8 5.1 4.1 2.9 15.8 4.9 13.7 9 6 12 9 3 - Males (n = 3) 18.1-20 3.8-4 4.9-5.1 4.1-4.8 2.9-3.2 14.1-15.8 4.3-4.9 11.4-13.7 6-9 6-7 12 - 14 8-9 3 - (Male mean) (19) (3.9) (5) (4.6) (3) (15.2) (4.7) (12.8) (8) (7) (13) (9) (3) - Female allotype 20.3 4.1 5.5 1.6 - 16.6 5.5 14.7 6 8 11 9 3 14.2 TIIIs BL PronL PronW FWL FWW FIIIL FIIIW TIIIL TaIIIs OL Ias Ibs Oas Obs 6 5 11 8 6 6 11 9 6-7 6 11-12 5-9 (7) (6) (12) (7) TIIIs Male holotype 16.4 3.2 4.2 3.6 2.3 11.7 3.7 9.7 Female allotype 15.8 3.7 5 1.2 - 13.9 4.2 12 Females (n = 2) 13.9-15.8 3.2-3.7 4.5-5 0.9-1.2 - 11.9-13.9 4.1-4.2 9.7-12 (Female mean) (15) (3.5) (4.8) (1.1) - (12.9) (4.2) (10.9) 5(+1) - 3 10.9 3-4(+1) 10.9-11.2 (4+1) (11.1) BL PronL PronW FWL FWW FIIIL FIIIW TIIIL TaIIIs OL Ias Ibs Oas Obs Male holotype 20.1 4 5.2 5.9 3.6 17.1 5.7 14.1 8 6 11 6 4 - Males (n = 2) 20.1-2 0.9 4-4.1 5.2-5.6 5.9-6.1 3.6 17.1-18.2 5.7-5.8 14.1-15.3 6-8 5-6 11 6 3-4 - (Male mean) (20.5) (4.1) (5.4) (6.0) (3.6) (17.7) (5.8) (14.7) (7) (6) (11) (6) (4) - Female allotype 21.9 4.1 5.8 4.9 2.8 18.5 5.7 16 7 6 13 6 4 15.5 Females (n = 5) 20.6-23.1 4.1-4.5 5.8-6.5 4.5-5 2.8-3.3 18.5-18.9 5.7-6.3 15.8-16.6 7-9 5-6 10 - 13 6-7 3-4 15.5-18.1 (Female mean) (22.1) (4.3) (6.1) (4.8) (3.1) (18.8) (6) (16.1) (8) (6) (12) (6) (4) (16.6)