Bioacoustics of Hippasa loundesi

Diagnosis. Females of H. loundesi are similar to the females of H. lycosina as both share similar spermathecal stalks of vulva with wide proximal and tubular distal parts and large accessory glands, but can be separated from the latter by squarish median plate of epigyne (vs. triangular in H. lycosina ), median plate without atrium (vs. present in H. lycosina ) and median plate with lateral and posterior thickenings (vs. absent in H. lycosina , compare Figs 17E–F , 18A–B with Figs 20F–G , 21D–F ). Supplementary description. Female in ethanol (ADSH5950251; Fig. 17A–C ). Carapace medially pale brownish, with a median straight white stripe extending from PMEs to rear end of fovea, with paired lateral longitudinal white stripes extending along the entire length of carapace, medially clothed with fine, black, appressed setae, with a few scattered erect spine-like setae restricted to cephalic part. Eye region, clypeus, endites, labium, sternum pale brownish; chelicerae dark brownish; dorsum and sides of opisthosoma, and spinnerets blackish, venter of opisthosoma creamy-white; leg and palp segments pale brownish to brownish with black patches and annulations. Thoracic fovea reddish brown, long (0.99), straight, longitudinal ( Fig. 17A ). Thoracic part laterally black. Cheliceral inner and outer surfaces with stridulatory files; promargin provided with a series of long setae with bend tips, both pro- and retromargins with three teeth ( Fig. 17C ). Sternum with scattered, greyish black setae, with a broad, median longitudinal black band ( Fig. 17B ). Opisthosoma elongate-ovoid, hirsute ( Fig. 17A ); cardiac area marked with a brownish patch; dorsum anteriorly with a pair of white lateral stripes, with a few scattered white spots and patches, medioposteriorly with a few transverse, roughly W-shaped bands. Spinnerets hirsute. Legs long, slender, hirsute, spinose; all tarsi with complete and metatarsi I–II with distal scopulae, all well-developed. Palp segments with black patches and annulations; tarsus with single claw, distoventrally with bunch of long setae. Body length 17.33. Carapace 8.13 long, 5.73 wide. Opisthosoma 9.20 long, 4.88 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: ALE 0.25, AME 0.29, PLE 0.51, PME 0.52; AME–ALE 0.23, AME–AME 0.22, AME–PME 0.42, PLE–PLE 1.24, PME–PLE 0.42, PME–PME 0.48. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.41, at ALEs 0.36. Length of chelicerae 3.38. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 9.95 [3.32, 1.64, 2.17, 2.82], I 19.93 [5.40, 2.57, 4.61, 4.89, 2.46], II 19.86 [5.40, 2.50, 4.28, 4.86, 2.82], III 19.39 [5.45, 2.24, 3.98, 5.22, 2.50], IV 27.34 [6.72, 2.53, 5.95, 8.59, 3.55]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination of palp: femur pld 1 do 4 rld 1, patella pld 1 do 2, tibia pl 2 rld 1, tarsus/cymbium pl 2 pld 1 rl 1 rld 1; legs: femur I pld 2 do 3 rld 3, II pld 3 do 3 rld 4, III pld 3 do 3 rld 3, IV pld 2 do 3 rld 1; patellae I–IV pld 1 do 2 rld 1; tibia I pl 1 pld 1 plv 3 rl 1 rlv 3, II pl 1 pld 1 plv 1 rl 2 rld 2 rlv 3, III pl 1 pld 1 plv 3 rl 1 rld 1 rlv 1, IV pl 1 pld 1 plv 3 do 1 rl 2 rld 1; metatarsus I pld 2 plv 3 rld 1 rlv 3 vt 1, II pld 2 plv 3 rl 1 rld 2 rlv 3, III–IV pld 3 plv 3 rld 3 rlv 3 vt 1; tarsi I–IV spineless. Genitalia ( Figs 17D–F , 18A–B ): epigyne clothed in bushy setae ( Fig. 17D ), with squarish median and short lateral plates ( Figs 17E , 18A ; MEP, LEP); median plate with lateral and W-shaped posterior thickenings ( Figs 17E , 18A ). Spermathecal stalks with wide proximal and narrow tubular distal parts ( Figs 17F , 18B ). Accessory glands globular, without stalk, arising laterally on proximal part of spermathecal stalks ( Fig. 18B ; AG). Spermathecae globular ( Figs 17F , 18B; S ). Fertilization ducts anteriorly directed, parallel ( Fig. 18B ; FD). Male . Unknown.