Bioacoustics of Habetia bivittata

Description. Coloration of face pale with a pair of black lateral bands of variable width, rarely extended over the whole face ( Figs 4A–C ); antennal scrobae and fastigium frontis also black, median ocellus pale; mandibles often fully black. Femora with the following number of spines on ventral margins: (1) a 4–8, p 4–10; (2) a 4–8, p 2–5; (3) a 7–13, p 4–14 (n=38). Male. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen 1.6–1.9 mm long (mean 1.7 mm ) with 56–74 teeth (mean 65) that are at both ends very small, in central area rather wide: with 12–18 narrow basal (mean 14) teeth and 16–24 narrow apical (mean 19) teeth; in central 1 mm of file with 29–34 (mean 32) teeth [n = 12] ( Figs 19A–D ). Tenth abdominal tergite nearly domed but toward hind margin less strongly sloping than laterally, ventro-lateral margins concave; downcurved apical area deeply, roundly incised to almost dorsal surface and in ventral area slightly curved laterally and often little curved posteriorly above bases of cerci; the deep apical incision provides room for the large, triangular epiproct that has a deep furrow in midline ( Figs 9A–B ). Cerci moderately long, faintly curved mediad, and of subequal width to rounded tip; in apical area with a large, laterally compressed expansion with wavy margin that runs from top of cercus and there parallel to cercus axis and then curves ventrad and runs down along subapical internal surface of cercus to almost ventral margin; just below that expansion arises a long, dorso-ventrally compressed and in basal area little curved projection with converging lateral margins that divides before end into a short proximal cone with an acute spinule at tip and a longer, compressed and at base curved distal lobe with rounded tip that also carries an acute spinule at tip. Subgenital plate with basal margin strongly concave; basal area otherwise with upcurved and in ventral view bulging lateral margin; in central area with concave lateral margins and with a wide, obtuse medial furrow; in apical area divided into a pair of long, narrow, but in lateral view little elevated, lateral lobes that are more than half as long as the entire subgenital plate (13:20) and carry at tip short styli ( Fig. 11G ). In lateral view, subgenital plate regularly curved throughout behind basal widening; dorsal margin in basal area with an angle and parallel to dorsal margin with a deep furrow. Titillators very complex; in situ, as can be seen through the genital opening, they appear as a pair of rather soft dorso-ventral structures with furrowed central areas that carry two pairs of compressed apical projections from dorsal and from ventral margins: dorsal lobes with rounded apical margin and granular surface, also along margin, and ventral lobes with dentate margin ( Figs 14A–B ). In preparations the titillators appear as follows: in basal area, they are compressed and widened and run parallel to each other but are not fused; reaching the top, they are divided into proximal (anterior) and distal (posterior) branches; the proximal branches are short, dorso-ventrally compressed and moderately curved, the distal branches are elongate and little ascending posteriorly and end into a curved, obtuse tip, which re-curves and then runs ventrad where it ends into a short lobe at a level little above the level of the base of the titillators. The basal, dorsal and distal branches are connected by sub-membranous septa. In lateral view this structure thus appears as an irregular square with projections at all four angles. This square has an outer and an inner surface, is closed at bottom and probably filled with muscles in the alive insect. There is also a pair of large, elongate lateral sclerites with three flattened expansions from a little wavy central spindle; the membranes covering the titillators dorsally are provided with a pair of small rounded and convex semi-sclerotized caps ( Figs 14C–E ). Female. Subgenital plate with ventral disc near base with diverging, afterward with converging lateral margins and terminating into a pair of elongate, spine-like, apical projections separated by a deep apical incision with rounded bottom; very basal area of disc on both sides merging into narrow dorso-lateral projections of about same length as disc including apical projections; they are separated from disc by a wide oblique furrow and afterward bulging with rounded tip ( Figs 6A–B , 7A–B ). Ovipositor only little longer than body, laterally compressed; behind basal constriction dorsal margin strongly elevated, highest in central third of its length, afterward gradually narrowing with dorsal margin straight or very faintly concave to rounded tip ( Fig. 2A ). Measurements ( 25 males , 23 females ).—Body w/wings: male 31–36, female 35–41; body w/o wings: male 22–29, female 20–29; pronotum: male 6.5–8.5, female 6.3–8.0; tegmen: male 21.5–30.0, female 26–30; hind femur: male 15.5–19.0, female 17.5–20.0; antenna: male 60–70, female 70–85; ovipositor length: female 20–25; ovipositor height: female 2.5–3.0 mm.