Bioacoustics of Goodangarkia

Description Male/female. General. Body cylindrical, moderate sized for subfamily; very short-winged in both sexes ( G. prasina ), others fully winged but tegminal only slightly exceeding apex of abdomen. Size moderate to large for subtribe, form robust. Head . Frons convex, minutely rugose, lateral carinae absent. Fastigium of vertex distinct, short, hooked forward, fastigium of frons minute, separate from same of vertex by a poorly defined gap; fastigium of vertex ( Figs. 12 A, C–E) hooked, narrow, at base less than width of base of antennal scape; eyes globular, protruding; median ocellus present, small ( Figs. 10 B, 12E), circular, lateral ocelli reduced, positioned at base of fastigium of vertex on each side; antennal scape unarmed; antennae about 1.5 times length of body. Thorax . Pronotum with surface irregular but not rugose, surface shining; cephalic margin of disk feebly concave in the middle, caudal margin truncate; lateral lobe ( Figs. 4 ; 10A; 12C broader than deep, humeral sinus produced over thoracic auditory opening. Thoracic auditory opening elongate, prominent, almost wholly concealed by pronotum, with short setae on inner margin. Sternum with prosternum armed with a pair of tubercles ( G. prasina ) or elongate spikes (other species); mesosternum with lobes broadly triangular, the outer posterior margin toothed; metasternum with distinctive tooth ( Fig. 12 J) directed outwards on anterior margin. Legs. Fore coxa armed with an elongate spine; fore femur laterally compressed, armed on both ventral margins; fore tibia quadrate, dorsal surface flat, slightly expanding distally, unarmed but posterior margin feebly tuberculate, tympanum bilaterally enclosed, with narrow, forward facing slits; ventral spines short, stout. Middle femur armed on both margins of ventral surface, posterior margin with only 2–3 short spines at base; middle tibia slightly inflated proximally, surface convex, unarmed, ventral surface armed with many spines on both margins, the anterior margin with fewer spines. Hind femur armed anterior (outer) ventral margin only with a few short, stout spines in distal half; hind tibia armed on both dorsal and ventral margins; apex with a pair of elongate spines dorsally, ventral apex with 4 much shorter spines. Genicular lobes of all femora armed on both sides. Wings . Tegmen mesopterous ( Fig. 4 ) or fully alate ( Figs. 8 , 10 ) and reaching tip of abdomen or beyond. Male costal field expanded at base ( Figs. 6 A; 7A, C; 9D; 11A, B; 12H) tegminal venation normally developed; right stridulatory area with moderately large mirror, roughly quadrate, without internal venation. Stridulatory file ( Figs. 13 A–F) flat, the teeth, broad. Hind wing reduced but almost as long as tegmen ( G. p r a s i n a ) or fully developed (all other species). Female tegmina reduced ( G. prasina ) to fully developed (other species, always overlapping at base). Abdomen . Tenth tergite of male with shallow, poorly indicated median incision ( Figs. 5 E, 12K); paraprocts unmodified. Cercus relatively short, stout, with single internal tooth, inflated ( Figs. 6 B, C) or dorsal ventrally flattened ( Figs. 7 E, 11F); apical tooth blunt and directed inwards or acute and directed upwards (most other species). Supra-anal plate narrow, with deep median groove, apex blunt or elongate and directed downwards. Phallus with titillators well developed, closely set, margins often serrate, base often with sclerotised pads ( Figs. 6 E; 7 F; 9G, H; 11C, D; 12N) often modified. Subgenital plate virtually unmodified amongst the species, with shallow U- to V-shaped median incision, each side bearing unmodified short styli ( Figs. 9 B; 12L). Female subgenital plate, ovoid, laterally carinate, apex with shallow median incision ( Figs. 9 C; 11E; 12O). Ovipositor. Ovipositor about three-quarters length of hind femur, never longer than, slightly curved, apex with both surfaces smooth, apex acute.