Bioacoustics of Furcilarnaca

Description. Small species ( Fig. 63I ). Head: Face not particularly large; in frontal view roughly oval; forehead nearly smooth; fastigium verticis little wider than scapus; medium and lateral ocelli small long-oval, whitish yellow ( Fig. 63J ). Abdominal tergites two and three each with two rows of stridulatory pegs (11–13, 17–20; 20, 25–25; Fig. 63K ). Wings covering about half of abdomen ( Fig. 63I ). Tegmen: Radius divides into R and RS shortly before tip, afterwards both veins unbranched; media anterior only at very basal area fused or sub-fused with R, then free and undivided but meets in a point with CuA1; cubitus anterior at base with a single branch that forks into two veins at about end of basal third, shortly after the anterior branch meets in a point with MA but afterwards remains undivided as MP+CuA1; the posterior branch CuA2 also undivided; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 3 anal veins plus an incomplete fourth vein arising from third. Legs: Fore coxa with small spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 6–7 external and 6–8 internal spines on ventral margins, little increasing in size towards posterior end; hind tibia with rather few spines on both dorsal margins; ventral margins with one pre-apical spine each; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color dirty yellowish brown; eyes black. Face yellowish brown. Tegmen transparent, only towards tip little smoky with black veins; hind wing transparent. Male unknown. Female. Seventh abdominal sternite fully membranous without distinct border to intersegmental membrane, surface with rough transverse striation; from end of basal third anteriorly the posterior area of the surface forming a free roundish lobe that overlaps the surface of the anterior area that has a fine transverse striation, at the tip of that lobe there is a small knob-like projection on ventral surface ( Figs. 65 F–G). Subgenital plate fully membranous except for baso-lateral angles; apical area forming two obtuse angular lobes, triangularly excised in between. Ovipositor straight, very faintly curved ventrad; hardly longer than hind femur; tip narrowly obtuse ( Fig. 65E ). Measurements ( 1 female ).—body w/wings: 18; body w/o wings: 18; pronotum: 3; tegmen: 8.5; hind femur: 9; ovipositor: female 9.5 mm .

Description. Small species. Head: Face ovoid; fastigium verticis wider than scapus, separated by a fine suture from fastigium frontis; ocelli distinct ( Fig. 63F ). Abdominal tergites two and three each with two rows of stridulatory pegs (16, 15–19; 15–19; n = 1 male , 1 female ; Fig. 63H ). Wings in female not reaching tip of abdomen and not surpassing hind knees, in male covering abdomen and little surpassing tip of hind femur ( Fig. 63E, G ). Tegmen: Radius releases RS in about apical third. Media anterior fused in about basal third with radius. Cubitus anterior at base with a single branch that forks into two veins, the anterior branch makes a curvature and receives an oblique connection vein from MA (male) or it fuses with MA and almost immediately separates again (female); in male the anterior branch divides again into two parallel branches, MP and CuA1, while in the more strongly reduced tegmen of the female the anterior branch remains undivided as MP+CuA1; the posterior branch (CuA2) does not divide further in both sexes; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 3 anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 5–7 external and 4–6 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color pale brown. Face uniformly yellowish brown. Tegmen transparent with yellowish or brown veins, in apical half densely covered with fine short hairs except in posterior internal quarter; hind wing transparent with yellowish or brown veins. Male. Ninth abdominal tergite globular, in apical area furrowed; at apex split into a pair of short triangular projections with acute tip; apical margin laterally of those projections forming a very short convex lobe. Tenth abdominal tergite narrow band-shaped, just below projections of ninth tergite with a pair of acute spines. Subgenital plate basal area moderately long, little sclerotised; styli inserted at lateral angles of basal area, curved at base and tip slightly club-shaped; between bases of styli subgenital plate prolonged into a pair of wide, compressed, and in apical area little curved projections with acute tip, separated from each other by a narrow projecting end lobe with obtuse tip ( Figs. 64 F–G). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite with bulgy basal area, followed by a large and wide oval groove and finally by a little narrower and slightly elevated separate sclerite closing the groove from behind, this sclerite with triangular lateral areas bent dorsad, apical margin slightly concave in middle. Subgenital plate baso-central area largely membranous, lateral margins convex, apical margin bilobate ( Figs. 65 B–D). Ovipositor short, substraight; before tip margins strongly narrowing, tip subacute ( Fig. 65A ). Measurements ( 1 male , 1 female ).—body w/wings: male 13, female 15; body w/o wings: male 10, female 15; pronotum: male 2.2, female 2.5; tegmen: male 10.5, female 8.5; tegmen width: male 3.0, female 2.5; hind femur: male 6.5, female 6.0; antenna: male 50; ovipositor: female 6.5 mm .

Description. Small to medium sized species. Head: Face narrow ovoid, nearly sub-triangular, forehead nearly smooth; fastigium verticis little wider than scapus, separated by a fine, weak suture from fastigium frontis; ocelli distinct, yellow; subocular furrow shallow ( Fig. 63C ). Abdominal tergites two and three each with two rows of stridulatory pegs (8–11, 16–18; 15–20, 16–30; n = 1 male , 1 female ; Fig. 63D ). Wings surpassing middle or even reaching tip of stretched hind tibia ( Figs. 63 A–B). Tegmen: Radius gives rise to RS at about beginning of apical third, both veins forked near tip; media anterior free from base, single-branched, in female free but attached to R in basal area; male: cubitus anterior with a single branch at base, dividing into two veins at about end of basal third of tegmen, the anterior branch forks again into two veins and shortly thereafter into MP and CuA1—female: media and cubitus anterior with a common stem that runs attached to R in basal area, at about end of basal third it divides into an afterwards unbranched anterior vein (media anterior) and a posterior branch that almost immediately divides again into two veins (MP and CuA); cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 4–5 anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with 4 pairs of large ventral spines (first pair small, on mid tibiae even very small) and 1 pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 3–10 external and 5–10 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color uniformly yellowish brown ( Fig. 101B ). Face uniformly yellowish brown; eyes black. Tegmen semi-transparent yellow; veins and veinlets yellow; hind wing semi-transparent white, main veins yellow, cross-veins light grey. Male. Eighth abdominal tergite of normal shape. Ninth abdominal tergite vaulted, at apex short-narrowly excised in middle and on both sides with a black, curved, acute spine. Tenth abdominal tergite narrow band-shaped, interrupted in middle by epiproct; on both sides of central interruption and below the spines of ninth tergite with a curved acute spine sitting on a strongly swollen base ( Figs. 63 A–B). Subgenital plate basal area short, styli inserted at lateral angles of basal area; between bases of styli subgenital plate prolonged into two long, little curved, acute lobes ( Figs. 63 C–D). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite with a large posterior groove, towards end even deeper and setose; intersegmental membrane at base upcurved, stiffened and setose on anterior side that is forming the hind margin of the groove of the seventh sternite, otherwise membranous. Subgenital plate largely membranous, apical area stiffened with a pair of transverse grooves, tip slightly bilobate ( Figs. 64 I–J). Ovipositor rather short, substraight, very faintly down-curved, with margins gradually approaching towards apex; tip subacute ( Fig. 63H ). Measurements ( 1 male , 1 female ).—body w/wings: male 22, female 24; body w/o wings: male 16, female 15; pronotum: male 3, female 3.5; tegmen: male 17, female 20; tegmen width: male 5.5, female 6.5; hind femur: male 8.5, female 8.5; antenna: male 90, female 80; ovipositor: female 9 mm .