Bioacoustics of Falcerminthus puyos

Description. Size small. Coloration contrasted, light brown with darker patterns ( Fig. 1 E–H). Head dorsum ( Fig. 2 D) almost homogeneously dark brown posteriorly, lighter toward fastigium, without distinct longitudinal bands; area posterior to eyes yellow. Eyes light brown dorsally, dark brown ventrally. Fastigium wider than long, setose, light brown, without a contrasted yellow band apically; upper facial part whitish, black laterally, sometimes with 2 faint median brown spots. Scapes whitish with faint darker patterns; antennae yellow at base then progressively dark brown. Face ( Fig. 2 E) mostly whitish, with dark brown patches below antennae and a thin vertical black line bellow eyes. Mouthparts mostly light brown; maxillary palpi yellow brown, darker apically. Lateral part of head ( Fig. 2 F) whitish with two thin black lines. Pronotum: Dorsal disk slightly trapezoidal, straight posteriorly; yellow brown to light brown, with black spots. Lateral lobes black dorsally, ventral margin with two yellow areas, an anterior one and a ventral one, separated by a horizontal dark line fused to the dorsal dark area ( Fig. 2 F). Legs: Legs I and II light brown, femora with dark brown spots, tibiae with dark rings. Hind femora brown, darker dorsally than ventrally, with faint striated dark patterns on outer faces, knees dark brown; hind tibiae with dark rings. Tarsomeres I/ III-1 yellow brown, apices dark brown. Tarsomeres III-1 with 2–3 spines on dorsal outer edges (m = 2, n = 6) and 0–1 (m = 0.3, n= 6) on outer faces. Abdomen homogeneously brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Cerci yellowish brown, with faint dark rings near apex. Male. FWs not reaching abdomen midlength. FW coloration: Cells brown, not translucent; veins dark brown or orange brown; intermedian area whitish, sometimes with dark brown veins; lateral field dark brown dorsally, progressively lighter toward ventral margin; lateral field with strong orange brown longitudinal veins and faint black transverse veins. FW venation ( Fig. 3 C): 1A curved, without a clear angle; stridulatory file with ca. 250 teeth (n = 1) located on transverse part of 1A only. CuP not visible. Diagonal vein clearly visible on anterior half, faint posteriorly. Harp wide, occupying most of dorsal field surface, with a strong semi-circular harp vein, polyfurcated anteriorly and delimiting a rounded false mirror with the curved area of CuA, i.e. a distinctive rounded area located on harp posterior corner (not homologous to the mirror (cell d1) of other cricket species). CuA curved innerly near apex, it distal part weak posterior to curved area, surrounding the median fold, small and located on abdomen dorsum. Posterior part of diagonal vein not visible. Longitudinal veins strong apically, transverse veins very weak. Mirror (d1) not differentiated. Apical field absent, with no bifurcation of CuA posterior to diagonal vein. Lateral field with 5–6 strong longitudinal veins including MA, R and 3–4 more ventral veins; latero-dorsal angle made by MP; R without bifurcating veins. Subgenital plate elongate, clog-shaped. Male genitalia ( Fig. 4 D–F): Close to male genitalia of L. villemantae . Pseudepiphallic sclerite elongate, convex dorsally; more or less rectangular, narrowed posteriorly near base of short individualized lophi, setose, parallel and separated by a V-shaped indentation; anterior margin slightly indented, its lateral margins slightly raised dorsally. Rami short. Pseudepiphallic parameres C-shaped, trilobate, the posterior lobe dorsal, the two other lobes ventral. Ectophallic arc complete, deeply curved posteriorly, its base with long ventro-posterior expansions, sclerotized basally. Ectophallic fold with a wide preapical sclerite including a rounded part and two antero-lateral expansions. Ectophallic apodemes parallel and very long, exceeding anterior margin of pseudepiphallus. Endophallic sclerite very long, exceeding anterior margin of pseudepiphallus, its posterior apex with a median triangular expansion and with short lateral arms; endophallic apodeme made of lateral lamellas but without a median crest. Female. FWs short ( Fig. 3 D), not reaching posterior margin of second tergite, not overlapping but close together; dorsal field light brown with 5 strong brown longitudinal veins. Lateral field light brown, with 4 strong brown longitudinal veins, intermedian area without a distinctive coloration. Ovipositor slightly shorter than hind femora; apex lanceolate, almost not denticulate on dorsal edge. Female genitalia: not observed. Juvenile. Dark brown mottled with whitish; vertex whitish with faint longitudinal bands, posterior area black. Measurements. see Table 2 . Habitat and life history traits. L. puyos is found in low densities in the leaf litter of secondary forested areas ( Fig. 5 E). It is found on top of leaves in small bushes and sometimes in the leaf litter. Behavior. Unknown. PronL PronW FWL FWW FIIIL FIIIW Male holotype 2.1 3.3 3 2.4 10.4 3.3 Males (n=5) 2–2.1 3–3.3 3–3.3 2.2–2.4 9.6–10.4 3.2–3.5 (mean) (2.1) (3.2) (3.1) (2.3) (10.1) (3.3) Females (n=1) 1.9 3.1 1.2 - 8.7 3.1 TABLE 2. (Continued) TIIIL TIII OL Ias Ibs Oas Obs Male holotype 9 9 5 11 6 - Males (n=5) 7.9–9 7–9 5 10 –11 6 - (mean) (8.6) (8) (5) (11) (6) - Females (n=1) 7.4 6 5 8 6 7.4

Diagnosis . This species differs from L. sanchezi by its whitish face, a fastigium that is not orange apically, without clear longitudinal bands in the vertex (Robillard et al. , 2013), and male genitalia with long and rounded pseudepiphallic lophi and C-shaped pseudepiphallic parameres. Calling song. The song of L. puyos consists of long trills (duration = 3.1± 0.8 s [1.7– 4.0 s ]; period = 25.6± 2.8 s [22.4– 33.1 s ]) made up of more than 200 syllables of increasing intensity ( Figs. 7 A–C). Syllable duration = 12.6±1.2 ms (10–15 ms). The spectrogram analysis reveals that the frequency spectrum is completely ultrasonic. The syllables show a clear dominant peak at 23.12±1.06 kHz typically corresponding to the first peak of a harmonic series with an intermediary peak at ca. 25 to 30 kHz ( Figs. 7D, 7E ). Habitat . The species is found in secondary habitats in the type locality, i.e., foot of Mt. Makiling; specimens were found in leaf litter and on top of leaves of small plants ( Fig. 6A ).