Bioacoustics of Diaphanogryllacris annamita

Description. Medium sized species. Head: Face oval; nearly smooth; fastigium verticis wider than scapus; ocelli little distinct; fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a very fine suture; subocular furrows shallow ( Fig. 55A ). Abdominal tergites two and three each with two rows of stridulatory pegs (8, 12–20; 16, 16; n = 1 male , 1 female ). Wings reaching about middle of stretched hind tibia ( Fig. 53 A–B). Tegmen: Radius with two branches, both forked near tip; media anterior free at very base, in subbasal area narrowly approached to but not fused with radius; in female cubitus anterior at base with a single branch that forks into two veins, the anterior branch makes a curvature and shortly after divides again into two parallel branches, MP and CuA1, while the posterior branch (CuA2) does not divide further; in male holotype both, media anterior and cubitus anterior, send a distinct short oblique connection branch to the field between both veins where they fuse to form MP+CuA1, after about 2–3 mm that vein divides into MP and CuA1 (more distinct on right than on little distorted left tegmen, Fig53A ); cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 4 anal veins, last two with common stem. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 6–7 external and 6–7 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color brown; head brownish testaceous; vertex to a variable extend black, on fastigium verticis alternating with 3 light bands, pronotum with a large black spot, anterior rim, anterior angles, hind margin and 2 small spots in middle of disc light brown; legs uniformly brown. Face yellowish brown with black spots below compound eyes, at baso-lateral angles of clypeus and a small round spot in lateral area of face; tip of mandibles also black. Tegmen semi-transparent white, veins and veinlets brown, towards base yellow, veinlets black; hind wing semi-transparent white, veins and veinlets brown. Male. Eighth abdominal tergite only little prolonged. Ninth abdominal tergite globular with apical margin roundly excised in middle; on both sides of excision with a long narrow down-curved hook. Tenth abdominal tergite with a pair of upcurved hooks touching each other in middle; in apical view hooks elongate, conical, with dark brown acute apical area; in lateral view compressed, nearly rectangularly upcurved with distal margin running straight into darkened apical area, while proximal margin curved ( Figs. 56 A–B). Subgenital plate almost as long as wide; apical margin with two triangular lobes (little shorter than in D. orlovi ), concave at both sides; styli stout, slightly upcurved and in apical area conical ( Fig. 56C ). Phallus with a narrow elongate but little sinuate sclerite with forked and recurved base, in situ embedded into a little darkened membranous sac ( Figs. 58 A–B). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite little more than twice as wide as long; apical margin roundly excised and provided with a distinct pit. Subgenital plate largely membranous with transverse riffles and two oval pits near base; apical area sclerotised; apical margin truncate at both sides with a little projecting central lobe with straight lateral margins and convex apical margin ( Fig. 59A ). Ovipositor elongate substraight with faintly approaching margins; tip with narrowed margins, subobtuse ( Fig. 59B ). Measurements ( 2 males , 1 female ).—body w/wings: male 48–50, female 47; body w/o wings: male 35–37, female 37; pronotum: male 6.0–6.5, female 6.8; tegmen: male 34–37, female 37; tegmen width: male 11, female 13.5; hind femur: male 18.0–18.5, female 18.5; antenna: male 100–105, female 130; ovipositor: female 35 mm .

Diagnosis. Males can be identified by the apical projections on both sides of the apical excision of the ninth abdominal tergite having a wide compressed base and then are nearly angularly down-bent into long, narrow, and slightly curved spines with acute tip. The upcurved central projections of the tenth tergite are bulging in anterior area and provided with a medium long acute tip. Females have the seventh abdominal sternite membranous with a tubercle at tip and the subgenital plate is little narrowed in middle with apical area triangular with rounded tip. Additional Description. Medium sized species. Head: Face oval, surface little rough (artifact?); fastigium verticis wider than scapus; ocelli visible; fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a very fine suture; subocular furrows shallow ( Fig. 55D ). Abdominal tergites two and three each with two rows of stridulatory pegs (9, 12+1; 11, 18; n = 1 male ). Wings reaching about middle of stretched hind tibia ( Fig. 54A ). Tegmen: Radius with two branches, both forked near tip; media anterior free, in subbasal area closely approached to radius; cubitus anterior at base with a single branch that forks into two veins, the anterior branch makes a curvature, receives an oblique cross vein from MA and shortly after divides again into two parallel branches, MP and CuA1, while the posterior branch (CuA2) does not divide further; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 4 anal veins, last two with common stem. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 6–7 external and 8 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color light brown; vertex black, on fastigium verticis alternating with 3 brown bands, pronotum with a large black spot, anterior angles, hind margin and few small spots brown; legs uniformly brown. Face yellowish brown with black band from below compound eyes to clypeus. Tegmen semi-transparent white, veins and veinlets brown; towards base little darker; hind wing semi-transparent white, veins and veinlets brown. Male. Eighth abdominal tergite only little prolonged. Ninth abdominal tergite rather short, little globular, apical margin emarginated on both sides, in middle little convexly projecting, vertically below emargination with narrow membranous zone, at lateral margins of emargination a compressed wide process suddenly, nearly rectangularly bent ventrad, narrow, round, with acute tip. Tenth abdominal tergite in middle and between projections of ninth tergite with a pair of processes with bulgy ventral and subacute apical area curved little towards body ( Figs. 57 A– B). Subgenital plate with little diverging lateral margins, apical margin on both sides concave, in middle with bicornute process; slightly curved styli inserted laterally at apical margin. Phallus with a narrow elongate but little sinuate sclerite with forked and recurved base, in situ embedded into a membranous sac ( Figs. 58 H–I). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite completely membranous with a tubercle at tip. Subgenital plate wider in about anterior half, narrower and triangular with rounded tip in posterior half. Ovipositor elongate substraight with faintly approaching margins; tip with narrowed margins, subobtuse. Measurements ( 3 males ).—body w/wings: 41–47; body w/o wings: 30–33; pronotum: 5.5–6.5; tegmen: 32–35; tegmen width: 11.5; hind femur: 15.5–17.0; antenna: 100 mm .