Bioacoustics of Copiphora cultricornis

Diagnostic description.— Body large, with wings in both sexes extending well beyond apex of abdomen. Fastigium of vertex forming large horn, somewhat flattened laterally, especially in its apical part, sometimes fastigium somewhat dilated subapically ( Fig. 8 C); fastigium 3.5-4 times as long as eye diameter; dorsal part of fastigium granulose ( Fig. 8 B). Face convex; genal carinae of head well developed, granulose. Pronotum smooth, flat dorsally; anterior dorsal margin straight, posterior one weakly convex; lateral lobe of pronotum 1.6 times longer than high. Male stridulatory file nearly straight, 3.5 mm long, 270 μm wide, with 164 teeth; teeth in proximal half of file wider, thinner and more densely arranged, transition between the two types sudden ( Fig. 42 B); mirror approximately oval, with small, parallel vein next to AA 1 . Ventral spines of femora relatively short and thin, green; all genicular lobes armed with sharp spines, sometimes spine on anterior lobes of fore femora obtuse. Male cercus thick, blunt, and somewhat incurved, slightly thicker at midlength than at base; ventral, subapical spine of cercus long and thin ( Fig. 8 D); apex of cercus with sharply triangular lobe underneath. Male subgenital plate narrowed toward apex, apex straight; styli short, about 2.5 times as long as wide. Female subgenital plate approximately triangular, with distinct, triangular apical incision. Ovipositor extremely long, straight, more than 3 times as long as hind femur (ratio ovipositor/hind femur 3-3.4). Coloration .— General coloration light green. Fastigium of vertex yellow and remainder of head yellow; face yellow with 4 or 6 small black dots ( Fig. 8 A). Pronotum green, with four white spots ( 2 in prozona, 2 in metazona). Tegmina green, occasionally mottled with few, small brownish dots; male stridulatory file usually green; legs green, with green femoral spines. Abdomen green. Measurements .— Table 4 . Bioacoustics.— The call of this species is low duty and relatively high Q, with a clear energy peak around 9.3 kHz (although higher harmonics may occur in the ultrasonic frequency range). It consists of irregular, widely spaced series of chirps ( Fig. 55 A). Individual chirps last 91.9-117.2 ms, and consist of 5-6 pulses ( Fig. 55 B).