Bioacoustics of Calipsalta viridans

Measurements . Range and mean (in mm) for 10 males , 10 females (includes smallest and largest of available specimens). Length of body (including head): male 17.8–20.6 (19.3); female (including ovipositor) 18.9–21.9 (20.3). Length of forewing : male 20.0–22.7 (21.6); female 20.6–23.4 (22.1). Width of head (including eyes): male 5.3–6.1 (5.7); female 5.5–6.5 (5.9). Width of pronotum (across lateral angles): male 6.2–7.2 (6.8); female 6.6–7.8 (7.2). Distinguishing features . Light green cicadas in life. The forewings are not infuscated, the venation is green, and the rostrum reaches about mid length of the mid coxae. Forewing veins M and CuA are either fused at the basal cell for a short distance or unfused but abutted together. The male genitalia have pseudoparameres that are about half the length of the thecal shaft and a ventral support that is about half the length of the pseudoparameres. The female ovipositor sheath is light brown in life and terminates about level with the anal styles and caudal beak. Calipsalta viridans sp. n. differs from C. fumosa sp. n. in lacking forewing subapical infuscations. It might also be confused with Erempsalta hermannsburgensis that is also green, without wing infuscations, and inhabits an arid environment. Calipsalta viridans sp. n. differs from Erempsalta hermannsburgensis in having a rostrum that only reaches to mid length of the mid coxae whereas in E. hermannsburgensis it reaches the bases of the hind coxae. Song ( Figs 47a–d ). Recordings were examined from the type locality and the WA.GNE and WA.SHN paratype localities. The male calling song consists of a train of sharp clicks or doublets that oscillates between slower and faster click rates at about 1.8–1.9 cycles/s and ends, after a brief silent gap of 0.02– 0.036 s , with an isolated syllable lasting about 0.025 s . The entire phrase may last less than one second or up to nearly a minute. Click rates vary from 110–65/s. Most sound energy is found within the range 9–16 kHz, with a peak around 12 kHz. There is no frequency modulation. The song of Calipsalta viridans sp. n. can be distinguished from those of its congeners and that of Pedana hesperia sp. n. by its much slower rate of oscillation between fast- and slow-pulse sections, which is 2/s or less in C. viridans and> 4/s in the other species.