Bioacoustics of Armadillagraeciini

1. Named with regard to the external appearance of the katydid; feminine gender. Head. Head large, round, well seated in pronotum ( Fig. 1 ); frons tuberculate above fronto-clypeal suture, no frontal fastigium; fastigium of vertex ( Fig. 2 C) recurved, surface feebly sulcate; scrobes of antenna weak, mostly defined by colour; scape and pedicel not modified, the latter only slightly longer than the former; flagellum slightly longer than body, strongly banded. Thorax. Thoracic auditory structure a small elongate opening not concealed by lateral pronotal lobe. Pronotum ( Fig. 2 A, B), surface armed with a pair of divergent spines along cephalic margin in male, with an additional small pair in females; lateral margin with stout spines, more elongate in female; posterior margin with a series of spines ( Fig. 2 B); surface with tubercles and ridges as in ( Fig. 2 C). Prosternum in male armed with a pair of widely spaced short spines; meso- and metasternum unarmed; female spines reduced to a pair of minute tubercles. Legs. Legs robust, spiny; fore coxa with a short, stout spine on cephalic margin, caudal margin with a series of spine-like tubercles; trochanters, middle and hind coxae armed outwardly with small tubercles; trochanters unmodified. Fore legs short, stout; tibial auditory structure closed, area swollen, indented distad; tibiae cylindrical in the middle, quadrate distally; ventral surface armed with normal spines on each side; femur with dorsal surface raised, strongly tuberculate, ventral surface flat, unarmed, later margins armed with 2–3 spines on anterior margin, 4 spines on posterior. Middle legs slightly longer than fore legs; tibiae similar in shape to fore tibia, dorsal surface armed with a variable number of triangular, fused spines ( Fig. 2 D), ventral surface flat, unarmed; femur with anterior surface tuberculate, ventral margin armed with 3 stout spines on anterior margin, preceded by a much smaller spine. Hind legs short ( Table 1 ); tibia bearing close-set fixed spines dorsally on both margins ( Fig. 2 D), ventral surface bearing more normal spines; apex armed with a pair of spurs on ventral surface and a single pair of spurs dorsally; femur with external surface strongly tuberculate ( Fig. 2 E), tibia with dorsal surface with elongate tubercles, ventral surface armed with a series of elongate triangular spines ( Fig. 2 F). Genicular lobes of fore and middle femora armed with a single spine on each side. Hind femur armed on each side with a pair of spines No trace of basal pulvillus or plantula. Wings. Male and female tegmina similar ( Fig. 2 G); stridulatory area well defined. Stridulatory file ( Fig. 4 D); apex of tegmen truncate and undulating ( Fig. 2 G). Abdomen. Abdomen elongate, slender, distal margin or each tergite scalloped; male tenth tergite with a shallow, U-shaped incision; supra-anal plate triangulate un modified; female tenth tergite feebly indented; supra-anal plate triangulate, unmodified, subgenital plate distinctive ( Fig. 4 B); male cercus robust ( Figs. 3 A–D), ventral surface concave, with internal tooth ( Fig. 3 D); female cercus very elongate, somewhat directed dorsad. Male concealed genitalia with titillators strongly C-shaped ( Fig. 4 E), subgenital plate scoop-shaped, with shallow U-shaped median incision, style simple, less than length of one side of incision; ventral surface of abdomen unmodified. Ovipositor short, falcate, without tubercles or serration. Coloration. Colour and pattern as in Fig. 1 .