Bioacoustics of Araeoncus victorianyanzae

A well-supported group of mainly African taxa with a massively enlarged, kinked ventral radical process (character 135, state 3) that exceeds the tip of the cymbium (e.g., Holm 1962 : fig. 25a–b; Tanasevitch 1987 : figs 63–64). Their prolateral tibial apophysis and retrolateral distal lobe (characters 7, 38) are indistinct and equally sized and arise from a longitudinally elongated male tibia (e.g., Tanasevitch 1987 : figs 61, 63). They all have relatively simple cephalic lobes bearing all eyes on a forward to upwards facing lobe (e.g., Tanasevitch 1987 : fig. 59) except for A. subniger Holm, 1962 with an AME and a PME lobe ( Jocqué 1985 : fig. 1). Status Species name Scored according to Araeoncus (Aa) A. altissimus Simon, 1884 Bosmans 1996 : figs 75–78 Araeoncus (Aa) * A. anguineus (L. Koch, 1869 ) Wiehle 1960 : figs 440, 444–445 Araeoncus (V) A. banias Tanasevitch, 2013 Tanasevitch 2013 : figs 1–7 Araeoncus (V)* A. caucasicus Tanasevitch, 1987 Tanasevitch 1987 : figs 59, 61, 63 Araeoncus (Aa) A. clavatus Tanasevitch, 1987 Tanasevitch 1987 : figs 65, 67, 68 Araeoncus (Ab) A. clivifrons Deltshev, 1987 Deltshev 1987 : figs 2–4 Araeoncus (H) A. convexus Tullgren, 1955 Tullgren 1955 : fig. 25a–b Araeoncus (Ab) * A. crassiceps ( Westring, 1861 ) Hormiga 2000 : figs 1a–d, 32b Araeoncus (“A”) A. curvatus Tullgren, 1955 Tullgren 1955 : fig. 23a–b “ Araeoncus ” A. cypriacus Tanasevitch, 2011 Tanasevitch 2011 : figs 1–5 Araeoncus (D)* A. dentatus ( Tullgren, 1955 ) comb. nov. Millidge 1977 : fig. 129 Araeoncus (Ab) A. discedens (Simon, 1881) Bosmans 1996 : figs 83–86 Araeoncus (“A”) A. dispar Tullgren, 1955 Tullgren 1955 : fig. 26a–b Araeoncus (V) A. etinde Bosmans & Jocqué, 1983 Bosmans & Jocqué 1983 : fig. 1a, c Araeoncus (V) A. femineus (Roewer, 1942) Bosmans & Jocqué 1983: 584 , 586 Araeoncus (G)* A. galeriformis ( Tanasevitch, 1987 ) Tanasevitch 1987 : figs 123, 126 Araeoncus (H) A. hanno Simon, 1884 Bosmans 1996 : figs 11–14 Araeoncus (D)* A. helleri (L. Koch, 1869 ) comb. nov. Millidge 1977 : fig. 131 Araeoncus (H)* A. humilis ( Blackwall, 1841 ) Bosmans 1996 : figs 2, 5–6 Araeoncus (“D”) A. hyalinus Song & Li, 2010 Song & Li 2010 : figs 1a–e, 2a–g, 3a–e Araeoncus (V) A. impolitus Holm, 1962 Holm 1962 : figs 26c, 27c Araeoncus (“D”) A. longispineus Song & Li, 2010 Song & Li 2010 : figs 4a–d, 5a–h Araeoncus (“H”) A. longiusculus (O. Pickard–Cambridge, 1875) Simon 1884 : figs 458–459; Simon 1926 : fig. 647; Pantini & Sassu 2009 : figs 1–4 Araeoncus (V) A. malawiensis Jocqué, 1981 Jocqué 1981 : figs 21–23 Araeoncus (“D”) A. marijae ( Bosmans, 2010 ) comb. nov. Bosmans et al. 2010 : figs 23–29 Araeoncus (H) A. martinae Bosmans, 1996 Bosmans 1996 : figs 19, 21–23 Araeoncus (G) A. mitriformis Tanasevitch, 2008 Tanasevitch 2008 : figs 1–4; Tanasevitch 2009: 384 , figs 7–11 Araeoncus (V) A. obtusus Bosmans & Jocqué, 1983 Bosmans & Jocqué, 1983 : fig. 2a–b Araeoncus (V) A. picturatus Holm, 1962 Holm 1962 : figs 26b, 27b Araeoncus (D)* A. protuberans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875 ) comb. nov. Thaler 1978 : figs 12–14 “ Araeoncus ” A. rhodes Tanasevitch, 2011 Tanasevitch 2011 : figs 6–12, 20 Araeoncus (V) A. subniger Holm, 1962 Holm 1962 : figs 26d, 27d Status Species name Scored according to Araeoncus (A) A. tauricus Gnelitsa, 2004 Gnelitsa 2004 : figs 1–4, 8 Araeoncus (Aa) A. toubkal Bosmans, 1996 Bosmans 1996 : figs 28–31 Araeoncus (Ab) * A. vaporariorum (O. Pickard–Cambridge, 1875) Pesarini 1996 : figs 5–6 Araeoncus (V)* A. victorianyanzae Berland, 1936 Holm 1962 : fig. 25a–c Araeoncus (V) A. viphyensis Jocqué, 1981 Jocqué 1981 : figs 24–26 Araeoncus (“V”) A. vorkutensis Tanasevitch, 1984 Tanasevitch 1984 : figs 4.1, 4.3–6 Misplaced Araeoncus species Not Araeoncus A. gertschi Caporiacco, 1949 Holm 1962 ; Scharff 1990 Not Araeoncus A. macrophthalmus Miller, 1970 Miller 1970 : figs 1–6 ??? A. sicanus Brignoli, 1979 Brignoli 1979 : fig. 9 ??? A. tuberculatus Tullgren, 1955 Tullgren 1955 : fig. 27a–b The ventral plates of the females have two nearly parallel inner margins that form a right angle at the posterior edge. Their spermathecae are round to oval and are very close to each other right below the median margin of the ventral plates. The copulatory ducts enter the spermathecae at the lateral (ectal) side and are often also directed towards the lateral side of the vulva (e.g., Holm 1962 : fig. 27a). This group includes two species from Asia ( A. caucasicus and A. banias Tanasevitch, 2013 ) and eight from Africa ( A. etinde Bosmans & Jocqué, 1983 , A. obtusus Bosmans & Jocqué, 1983 , A. subniger and A. victorianyanzae ) of which four are only known from females ( A. impolitus Holm, 1962 , A. malawiensis Jocqué, 1981 , A. picturatus Holm, 1962 and A. viphyensis Jocqué, 1981 ). Araeoncus femineus (Roewer, 1942) from Equatorial Guinea is also known by females only and resembles females of A. victorianyanzae with respect to their body and eye size according to Bosmans & Jocqué (1983) . The close relation of the African species was already noted by Holm (1962) , who presumed a recent common ancestor for A. victorianyanzae , A. picturatus , A. impolitus and A. subniger due to their similarity. Holm (1962) also mentioned the close relation of A. victorianyanzae (as A. praeceps Holm, 1962 ) to A. crassiceps and A. anguineus based on the palpal conformation and the cephalic lobe, respectively. In our analysis the representatives of this group ( A. caucasicus and A. victorianyanzae ) are sister taxa of node 67, which also includes A. crassiceps and A. anguineus . Potentially A. vorkutensis Tanasevitch, 1984 belongs to this clade but see discussion of species of Areaoncus with uncertain assignment.