Bioacoustics of Araeoncus dentatus

So far this clade includes four species formerly assigned to Diplocephalus , i.e., A. dentatus comb. nov. , A. helleri comb. nov. , A. marijae comb. nov. and A. protuberans comb. nov. Together they form node 60, including D. picinus which also has a simple palp and appeared in different positions on the different analyses (see Wild card taxa). This group includes taxa that presumably have ancestral character states to species of Araeoncus within node 63. They have relatively simple male genital characters, i.e., their retrolateral distal lobe on the male palpal tibia is broader than long (character 40, synapomorphy of node 60, the dentatus -group). It seems to be not much more than a broadened margin but in ventral view the spoon-like form is well visible ( Fig. 19E ). The radical appendices are also relatively simple: they either lack a ventral radical process (character 130; Fig. 16C, A . dentatus comb. nov. ) or have a ventral radical process shaped like a ridged sail (character 135, state 2; Fig. 16B, A . protuberans comb. nov. ; synapomorphy of node 60). This sail is presumably an ancestral version of the massive, kinked ventral radical process (character 135, state 3) found in the Araeoncus clade corresponding to node 63, the sister-clade of the dentatus -group. Additionally, they have a PME lobe (character 204) which is absent in the Araeoncus clade of node 63. Araeoncus marijae comb. nov. is similar to A. dentatus comb. nov. based on the elongated curved embolus and the darker areas at the corners of the ventral plates of the epigyne. In addition, based on the shape of the palpal tibia with a retrolateral lobe and the elongated spermatechae it seems to belong to Araeoncus , and therein to the dentatus -group. Potentially, also A. hyalinus Song & Li, 2010 and A. longispineus Song & Li, 2010 described from China belong into this group. Besides the long, robust embolus diagnostic for Araeoncus , they show a similarity in the shape of the ventral radical process with A. protuberans comb. nov. Also, they have a PME lobe typical for this group.