Bioacoustics of Anisophya (Anisophya) hemanuelae

Etymology The specific epithet honours the young orthopterist/ecologist Hemanueli Preis, who contributed to collecting the type material. She, besides being one of my best friends, saved my life in 2019. Comparison Like most species of the genus, except Anisophya una Fianco, Faria and Braun , the new species holds a fastigium without any sulcus. The new species also has the lateral edges of fastigium of vertex and frons parallel and contiguous, lateral carinae of pronotum closer in prozona than metazona, characteristics present in all species of the genus. The main difference distinguishing A. hemanuelae sp. nov. is in the form of the male cerci. Although the male cercus is not hook-shaped as in all other species of the genus except A. una , the cerci of A. hemanuelae sp. nov. resemble more the typical cercus presents in the genus, and are not comma-shaped as in A. una . Picturing the male cercus only, the new species more closely resembles A. borelli (Giglio-Tos) , A. hamata (Giglio-Tos) and A. pulchella (Giglio-Tos) , differing from the first two by not having a long and pointed spine in the medial projection, and from all by having a trapezoidal medial projection instead of a triangular one. From the other species, A. hemanuelae sp. nov. differs by having a quite evident and large medial projection. Like most species of this genus, the new species has green as the main colouration, differing from all for having the last third of femur III brown, tibia II entirely brown, and tibia III almost all brown. The colouration of the legs seems to be quite similar to an undescribed species from Argentina (H. Braun, pers. comm.). The species A. melanochloris and A. una are the only ones of the genus with black colours, being the first with a medial band on abdomen, and the second the main colouration with a medial yellowish band on abdomen (see Fianco et al . 2019b ). The brownish colouration of the stridulatory area on tegmina is a condition that also occurs in A. biforma Nickle , A. Bolivia Gorochov , A. brasiliensis (Brunner von Wattenwyl) , A. careomacula , A. melanochloris , and in the undescribed species from Argentina . However, A. punctinervis (Stål) and A. schoenemanni (Karsch) have a green colour in this area. The ovipositor in A. hemanuelae sp. nov. is quite similar in size to that of A. brasiliensis , a little smaller than that of A. Bolivia , A. borelli , A. hamata , A. pulchella and A. schoenemanni , and longer than that of A. biforma , A. careomacula , A. melanochloris , A. punctinervis , and A. una . The form of the ovipositor may reflect the oviposition site, as species with a small ovipositor and quite serrate such as A. melanochloris and A. una usually oviposit in dry stems, whereas the new species and possibly the remaining species with long ovipositors lay their eggs in dry or live wood (Barbosa and Fianco, in prep.). In males of this species, as in other Anisophya species , the maximum energy of the calling songs falls in ultrasound; however, this peak frequency is well below the maximum frequency found in A. una (40 kHz), but much higher than the frequency found in the dichopetalines ( Odonturini : Dichopetala genus group; see Buzzetti and Barrientos-Lozano 2011 ). Contrary to A. una and A. melanochloris , the new species does not produce different types of syllables or echemes, but only one. This situation is also found in similar species of Anisophya , such as A. punctinervis (sound provided by H. Braun under biodar.unlp.edu.ar/tettigoniidae/). The sounds of the last species are quite similar to the sounds of A. hemanuelae sp. nov. , with most of the energy located in the ultrasound level, and the echemes gradually increasing in amplitude.